Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Parietal Pericardium |
Lines the inner wall of the pericardial cavity |
INNER |
|
|
Visceral Pericardium |
“Epicardium” Forms the outer lining of the heart. |
OUTER |
|
|
Parietal Pericardium and Visceral Pericardium are separated by an _______ fluid filled space intended to ________ friction of the beating heart and abrasion of the 2 layers. |
OILY REDUCE |
|
|
|
The layers of the heart wall? |
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium |
E M E |
|
|
Epicardium |
Visceral layer |
|
|
|
Myocardium |
Cardiac muscle layer |
|
|
|
Endocardium |
Lining of the myocardial chambers |
|
|
|
Cardiac muscle fibers are _______ in appearance in order for the chambers to contract from all directions. |
BRANCHED |
|
|
|
Atria |
Receiving chambers of the heart |
->❤️ |
|
|
Which blood vessels do the RIGHT & LEFT atria receive blood from? |
??? |
|
|
|
Ventricles |
Discharging chambers of the heart |
❤️ -> |
|
|
Papillary muscles |
Located @ the apex w/in each ventricle and function in valve action |
|
|
|
Superior & Inferior Venae cavae, & Coronary Sinus empty...? |
Into the right atria |
RA |
|
|
Right & Left Pulmonary veins empty into...? |
The LEFT ATRIA |
L A |
|
|
Pulmonary Trunk receives blood from?? |
The RIGHT VENTRICLE |
|
|
|
The aorta receives blood from the....? |
LEFT VENTRICLE |
L V |
|
|
The right ventricle pumps _________________ into the pulmonary trunk |
DEOXYGENATED Blood |
|
|
|
The left ventricle pumps _____________________ into the aorta |
OXYGENATED blood |
|
|
|
❤️ murmurs? |
Abnormal heart sounds as a result of “non-complaint” or non-functional valves allowing the backflow of blood. Valves do not close completely = “swishing” sound |
|
|
|
Stenotic Valves..? |
Fails to open completely, restricting blood flow through valve. |
|
|
|
Heart valves ...? |
Prevent backflow of blood & ensure unidirectional flow |
|
|
|
The 2 types of heart valves? |
Atrioventricular Valves Semilunar Valves |
(AV) S V |
|
|
2 types of Atrioventricular Valves are...? |
1. Tricuspid 2. Mitral |
T M |
|
|
Tricuspid is located where? |
Between the right atria & ventricle |
|
|
|
Mitral is located ...? |
Between the left atria & ventricle |
|
|
|
The “___________” are tendon cords which are attached to the AV valves and the papillary muscles. As the papillary muscles contract the tendons help to open the AV valves & allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles. |
“Chordae tendineae” |
|
|
|
The 2 Semilunar Valves are? |
1. Pulmonary Semilunar 2. Aortic Semilunar |
P S A S |
|
|
Pulmonary Semilunar is between...? |
Right ventricle & pulmonary trunk |
|
|
|
Aortic Semilunar is between...? |
Left ventricle & aorta |
|
|
|
Coronary Circulation..? |
Blood supply to the heart muscle |
|
|
|
Angina Pectoris..? |
Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium which leaves the cells weakened |
|
|
|
Myocardial Infarction ❤️ attack |
Prolonged coronary blockage. Areas of cell death are repaired with “non-contractile scar tissue” |
|
|
|
Anatomy of ❤️ muscle |
Striated, Short, Branched, & interconnected by intercalated discs. The mechanism of the ❤️ muscle contraction is similar to that of the sliding filament model in skeletal muscle. |
|
|
|
Physiology of ❤️ Muscle |
❤️ is “auto-rhythmic” or is self-excitable It’s intrinsic mechanism can initiate its own action potentials |
|
|
|
Sinoatrial Node (SA) |
“Pacemaker of the ❤️” Located in the right atria |
|
|
|
Atrioventricular Node (AV) |
Also found in the right atria |
|
|
|
ECG Tracings |
Various tracings seen on the ECG strip are electrical events representing specific activity occurring in the ❤️ P QRS T |
|
|
|
P Wave |
Depolarization of the atria |
|
|
|
QRS COMPLEX |
Depolarization Of the ventricles |
|
|
|
T wave |
Repolarization of the ventricles |
|
|
|
Arrhythmias ? |
Irregular ❤️ rhythms |
|
|
|
Fibrillation |
Rapid, irregular contractions. ❤️ becomes useless for pumping blood, causing circulation to cease & which will ultimately result in brain death & death of individual if not corrected |
|
|
|
Treatment for Fibrillation? |
“Defibrillation” intended to interrupt or stop the chaotic twitching, giving the ❤️ a “clean slate” to start regular, normal depolarizations |
|
|
|
Tachycardia |
Abnormally FAST ❤️ rate >100 bpm |
|
|
|
Bradycardia |
❤️ rate slower than 60 bpm May result on grossly inadequate blood circulation in non-athletes |
|
|
|
Cardiac Output (CO) |
Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute
CO = HR • SV |
|
|
|
Heart rate HR |
BPM |
|
|
|
Stroke volume SV |
Amount of blood pumped out by a ventricle w/ each beat |
|
|
|
During the cardiac cycle SYSTOLE |
Force exerted against the arterial wall during CONTRACTION of the ventricles |
|
|
|
During the cardiac cycle DIASTOLE |
Force exerted against the arterial wall during the RELAXATION phase of the ventricles |
|
|
|
Congestive ❤️ Failure CHF |
Decreased cardiac output (CO) generally as a result of pump failure |
|
|
|
Reasons for pump failure |
Atherosclerosis High blood pressure Myocardial infarction Dilated cardiomyopathy |
Four A HBP MI DC |
