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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the function of the cardiovascular system? |
To circulate blood |
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What does blood contain? |
-Nutrients -Gases -Bicarb -Wastes -Ions |
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What pumps blood through the heart? |
Contraction of the ventricles |
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How does blood enter the heart from the body? |
Vena cava brings blood to right atria |
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What are the gas levels in blood entering the right atria? |
Rich in CO2 [pCO2]=45mmHg Low in O2 [pO2]=40mmHg |
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From the right atria blood goes to the ___? |
Right ventricle |
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What is the pulmonary trunk? |
a major vessel of the human heart that originates from the right ventricle. It branches into the right and left pulmonary arteries, which lead to the lungs |
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From the right ventricle blood travels to the ___? |
Lungs through the pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary arteries |
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From the lungs blood travels to the ___ through the ___? |
Left atria through the pulmonary veins |
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What are the gas levels of blood traveling to the left atria? |
Rich in O2, [pO2]=104mmHg Low in CO2, [pCO2]=40mmHg |
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From the left atria blood travels to the ___? |
Left ventricle |
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From the left ventricle blood travels to the ___? |
Aorta |
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From the aorta blood travels to the ___? |
Rest of the body |
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Where do the veins bring blood? What are the gas levels in this blood? |
Veins bring blood toward the heart. CO2 rich and O2 poor |
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What makes pulmonary veins different from regular veins? |
They carry O2 rich and CO2 poor blood to left atria |
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Where do arteries bring blood and what are the gas levels? |
Bring blood away from heart. O2 rich and CO2 poor |
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What makes pulmonary arteries different from regular arteries? |
They bring CO2 rich and O2 poor blood to the lungs |
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What path does blood follow in the systemic circuit? |
Left ventricle > body > right atria brings nutrients and O2 to tissues; picks up CO2 and wastes |
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What path does blood take in the pulmonary circuit? |
Right ventricle > lungs > left atria exchanges O2 and CO2 |
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Where is the heart located? |
Between the lungs |
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Define the base and apex of the heart. |
Base: broader portion of heart Apex: inferior end, “point” tilts to left |
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What are the 2 superior chambers of the heart and what do they do? |
Left and right atria- receive blood |
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Why is the right ventricle less muscular than the left ? |
Because the pressure it pumps with is less; blood is only traveling from heart to lungs. But the left ventricle pumps with more pressure; blood must be pumped through whole body |
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Where does blood move according to pressure? |
Blood moves from an area of high pressure to low pressure |
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What is the septum? |
The part that separates left and right sides of heart |
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What are the 2 inferior chambers of the heart and what do they do? |
Right and left ventricles, pump the blood |
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What are the 2 parts of the septum? What do they separate ? |
Intraatrial septum: separates right and left atria Intraventricular septum: separates right and left ventricles |
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During systole the heart ___ |
Contracts |
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During diastole the heart ____ |
Relaxes |
Dying to Relax |
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What happens when a chamber undergoes systole? |
-Volume of the chamber decreases -Pressure increases -Blood forced into chamber or vessel below |
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Blood flows into atria from blood vessels because ___ |
The pressure in the vena cava is higher than right atria, and pressure in pulmonary vein is higher than left atria |
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What happens as the atria fill with blood ? |
-The pressure in them increases -They contract simultaneously -Causing the atrioventricular valves to open and -Blood to enter the ventricles |
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What happens to the atria as blood in the ventricles becomes greater than in the atria? |
-The atria relaxes -Valves close |
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When pressure inside the ventricles builds, it causes ___ |
-Ventricles to contract simultaneously -Blood pushes out of ventricles through the semilunar valves and into the pulmonary artery and aorta |
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What covers the heart? |
The pericardium |
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What makes up the pericardium? |
Parietal pericardium: fits loosely around the heart Visceral pericardium: superficial layer of heart(a.k.a epicardium) |
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What is the function of pericardial fluid and where can it be found? |
-Acts as shock absorber for heart -prevents friction -found in between parietal and visceral pericardium |
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What are the heart walls? Describe them |
-Epicardium: superficial layer of heart -Myocardium: muscular layer of heart -Endocardium: inner lining of heart made up of epithelial tissue |
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What is the myocardium made of? |
Cardiac muscle which is involuntary but striated |
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Contraction and relaxation of myocardium =? |
Systole and diastole |
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What is the function of the atrioventricular valves? |
Prevent blood from flowing back into atria from ventricles |
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Blood flows from right atria > __?___ > right ventricle |
Tricuspid valve |
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Left atria > ___?___ > left ventricle |
Bicuspid valve |
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What are the 2 atrioventricular valves? |
Bicuspid and tricuspid valves |
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What are the 2 atrioventricular valves? |
Bicuspid and tricuspid valves |
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When do the bi/tricuspid valves open? |
When the pressure in the atria is greater than the pressure in the ventricles |
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When do the bi/tricuspid valves close? |
When the pressure in the ventricles becomes greater than the pressure in the atria. During ventricular systole |
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What causes the first heart sound “lub “? |
The closing of the bi/tricuspid valves during ventricular systole |
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How are atrioventricular valves anchored to the ventricles ? |
Cups of atrioventricular valves are anchored to the lumen of the ventricles by chordinae tendonae |
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What are chordae tendineae? |
“Tendon like” and attach to papillary muscles |
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What are papillary muscles ? |
Finger like extensions of the myocardium |
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When ventricle systole causes papillary muscles to contract, what happens next? |
Papillary muscles pull on the chordae tandineae which in turn pulls on the cusps of the bi and tricuspid valves -closing them -Also prevents their inversion |
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What is the mitral valve ? |
The bicuspid valve |
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Where are the semilunar valves located? What’s their function? |
-Between the arteries and ventricles -Prevents blood back flow into ventricles |
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Where are the semilunar valves located? What’s their function? |
-Between the arteries and ventricles -Prevents blood back flow into ventricles |
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What is the right and left semilunar valve called and where do they bring blood? |
Right : “pulmonary semilunar valve”- blood travels to pulmonary artery and lungs Left : “aortic semilunar valve”- blood travels to aorta and body |
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When do the semilunar valves open? |
As pressure in the ventricles becomes greater than pressure in the pulmonary arterie and aorta |
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What gives the second heart sound “dub”? When does it occur? |
-Closing of the semilunar valves -Occurs during ventricular diastole |
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What is the travel path for Blood rich in CO2 and poor in O2 |
From Systemic curcuit > vena cava > right atria > atrioventricular valve (tricuspid) > right ventricle > pulmonary semilunar valve > lungs (pulmonary circuit) |
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What path does blood rich in O2 and poor in CO2 travel? |
From the pulmonary circuit > pulmonary vein > left atria > atrioventricular valve (bicuspid) > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > body ( systemic circuit ) |
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