Anthropology Exam 1 (10/4)

Front 1

Anthropology

Back 1

study of different ways of life, both past and present

Hint 1

H1

Front 2

Biological Anthropology

Back 2

focuses on the human body, including its physiology (including skeleton) and its cultural adaptations.

Hint 2

H1

Front 3

primatologists

Back 3

look at the biology and behavior on nonhuman primates like chimp or macaques.

Hint 3

H1

Front 4

descriptive morphology

Back 4

measuring of bones, noting of abnormalities

Hint 4

H1

Front 5

archaeology

Back 5

study of peoples of the past through the analysis of their material remains (tools, artifacts, house remains, bones)

Hint 5

H1

Front 6

paleontology

Back 6

study of fossils

Hint 6

H1

Front 7

paleo-anthropologists

Back 7

study of early hominids

Hint 7

H1

Front 8

material culture (artifacts)

Back 8

things made by people

Hint 8

H1

Front 9

ethno-archaeology

Back 9

studies living people to obtain hints regarding how people if the past might have living and how particular tools could have been manufactured and used

Hint 9

H1

Front 10

garbagology

Back 10

study of garbage/studying the process of discarding things

Hint 10

H1

Front 11

descriptive linguistics

Back 11

recording the languages, analyzing their grammar and making up dictionaries.

Hint 11

H1

Front 12

linguistic anthropology

Back 12

analyzes languages and the ways in which people use them

Hint 12

H1

Front 13

comparative linguistics

Back 13

discerns relationships between languages to define major language families

Hint 13

H1

Front 14

cultural anthropology

Back 14

studies groups of the present (cultures and how they work)

Hint 14

H1

Front 15

Social anthropology

Back 15

studies that focus on social organization (esp. shaped by kinship relations)

Hint 15

H1

Front 16

ethnography

Back 16

intensive study of a single culture invloving feildwork

Hint 16

H1

Front 17

fieldwork

Back 17

firsthand immersion in the culture

Hint 17

H1

Front 18

ethnographic present

Back 18

(1) placing theirs subjects at a reconstructed imaginary moment when the culture was presumably functioning in isolation from outside contracts (2) time lag in the knowledge of a culture

Hint 18

H1

Front 19

ethnology

Back 19

goal: discover the general rules or patterns that shape social behavior. Comparison between cultures

Hint 19

H1

Front 20

cross-cultural studies

Back 20

comparison between cultures

Hint 20

H1

Front 21

applied anthropology

Back 21

act as consultants, using the methods and insights of anthropology to tackle problem in the world outside academe. (Bones/Indiana Jones)

Hint 21

H1

Front 22

cultural relativity

Back 22

judging a culture on its own terms, not our own.

Hint 22

H1

Front 23

ethnocentrism

Back 23

tendency to see/judge cultures based on our values not theirs.

Hint 23

H1

Front 24

culture-specific

Back 24

"father" a particular culture construes the world of relatives

Hint 24

H1

Front 25

cultural-neutral

Back 25

"age" "gender" which are universal

Hint 25

H1

Front 26

emic

Back 26

cultural-specific

Hint 26

H1

Front 27

etic

Back 27

cultural-neutral

Hint 27

H1

Front 28

phonemics

Back 28

the study of the meaningful classes of sounds in a particular language

Hint 28

H1

Front 29

phonetics

Back 29

defines spoken sounds in terms of their physical properties

Hint 29

H1

Front 30

holism

Back 30

to understand any single aspect of culture, we must seek out its connections with other aspects of the culture. Inter-connectivity between different aspects of a culture

Hint 30

H1

Front 31

syncretism

Back 31

absorption local gods and customs

Hint 31

H1

Front 32

culture

Back 32

primary properties; learned, shared, ideas about and patterns of behavior

Hint 32

H2

Front 33

Enculturation

Back 33

process by which a child learns the ideas and behaviors that constitutes his or her culture.

Hint 33

H2

Front 34

socialization

Back 34

learns ideas and behaviors

Hint 34

H2

Front 35

schema

Back 35

bundle of cultural ideas, web of comprehension on a subject

Hint 35

H2

Front 36

acts

Back 36

behavior, and idea that we carry out

Hint 36

H2

Front 37

society

Back 37

is an organized group of individuals with specific boundaries, or criteria, of membership

Hint 37

H2

Front 38

social units, or societies

Back 38

organized groups or people

Hint 38

H2

Front 39

fuzzy categories

Back 39

categories that are unbound and poorly defined (based upon culture not society)

Hint 39

H2

Front 40

ethnicity

Back 40

cultural background/identity

Hint 40

H2

Front 41

subculture

Back 41

some clearly identifiable, shard cultural ideas and behaviors that are embedded within a larger, more general culture.

Hint 41

H2

Front 42

national culture

Back 42

how a culture is created and maintained

Hint 42

H2

Front 43

Modernization

Back 43

blanket term for the massive change that is affecting every culture in the world today (driven by tech)

Hint 43

H2

Front 44

race

Back 44

groups of people who share inherited physical characteristics.

Hint 44

H2

Front 45

clines

Back 45

continuously variations in human physical attributes

Hint 45

H2

Front 46

cultural construction

Back 46

created by cultural with little to no biological facts

Hint 46

H2

Front 47

biological race

Back 47

race determined by some sort of biological element. (US cultural construction)

Hint 47

H2

Front 48

cultural race

Back 48

many people in a culture believe race exists and act on those believes, furthering its existence.

Hint 48

H2

Front 49

Biocultural Model

Back 49

explains behavior like language, and handedness as complex interactions between innate and learned behavior.

Hint 49

H2

Front 50

fieldwork

Back 50

reseach carried out while living in the midst of a group

Hint 50

H3

Front 51

rapport

Back 51

relationship

Hint 51

H3

Front 52

participant observation

Back 52

living and taking part in the life of the people being studied and carefully observing and meticulously recording data

Hint 52

H3

Front 53

Going native

Back 53

gone to far, becoming more participant than observer (Jane from Tarzan)

Hint 53

H3

Front 54

resistance

Back 54

myriad ways in which subordinate classes can undermine and sabotage the goals of the super-ordinate classes.

Hint 54

H3

Front 55

questionaires

Back 55

survey large numbers of people. Not as rich as open ended interviews but allows statistics

Hint 55

H3

Front 56

unobtrusive data collection

Back 56

use of existing sources of data (movies, texts, historical documentation)

Hint 56

H3

Front 57

house society

Back 57

both the structure and the people living in it as a household with considerable continuity over time.

Hint 57

H3

Front 58

qualitative research

Back 58

depends primarily on subjective interpretations of an event or material

Hint 58

H3

Front 59

quantitative research

Back 59

relies on the statistical analyses of data

Hint 59

H3

Front 60

Rashomon effect

Back 60

our own circumstances, motivations, beliefs, and personality affect our version of reality

Hint 60

H3

Front 61

ethical dilemma

Back 61

moral choises that face anthropologists

Hint 61

H3

Front 62

reflexivity (Heisenberg effect)

Back 62

presence of a author effects the behavior itself (someone's watching, act differently)

Hint 62

H3

Front 63

historical and evolutionary theories

Back 63

addresses the questions of cultural origin and focuses on the broad stages in the development of human culture

Hint 63

H3

Front 64

historical particularism

Back 64

asks how a particular culture pattern development

Hint 64

H3

Front 65

functional theories

Back 65

address the question of what the trait or institution does (whatever it is)

Hint 65

H3

Front 66

explicit function

Back 66

folk ideas (ideas about their origins)

Hint 66

H3

Front 67

implicit function

Back 67

ideas anthropologist discover that the people didn't know about themselves.

Hint 67

H3

Front 68

cultural materialism

Back 68

places priority on infrastructural features (ex. tech) as casual, shaping social and ideological features

Hint 68

H3

Front 69

cultural ecology

Back 69

adaptation between cultures and the environment

Hint 69

H3

Front 70

interactionist theories

Back 70

stresses patterns of behavior that emerge from interactions between two or more people

Hint 70

H3

Front 71

symbolic and interpretive thories

Back 71

deal with meaning in peoples' minds (interpretation and understanding of themselves and their culture/origin/development/functions)

Hint 71

H3

Front 72

production

Back 72

the creation and reproduction of goods like food, tools, and other artifacts together with the knowledge involved in making and using them

Hint 72

H6

Front 73

cultural adapation

Back 73

accommodation among all elements (process) (1) Cultural changed, new ideas take hold (2) environmental change, when people alter the environment

Hint 73

H6

Front 74

local knowledge

Back 74

the ideas, knowledge, and skills that a particular cultural group shares; folk science

Hint 74

H6

Front 75

technology

Back 75

the tools and techniques of manufacture and production (including both ideas and material objects)

Hint 75

H6

Front 76

specialization
(division of labor)

Back 76

doing more varied sort of jobs
dividing jobs based on specifications

Hint 76

H6

Front 77

mechanical solidarity

Back 77

strongly held and shared values, beliefs, and customs (same task)

Hint 77

H6

Front 78

organic solidarity

Back 78

each memeber has specialized knowledge and skills, and each contributes differently to the whole.

Hint 78

H6

Front 79

mixed production strategies

Back 79

using more than one food production strategy

Hint 79

H6

Front 80

food production strategies

Back 80

Foraging (hunting and gathering), farming, animal husbandry (pastoralism)

Hint 80

H6

Front 81

transhumance

Back 81

people move their flocks or herds back and forth between seasonal camp areas

Hint 81

H6

Front 82

intensive agricultre

Back 82

those farming patterns that combine extreme of the six farming tools

Hint 82

H6

Front 83

shifting horticulture

Back 83

gardening/ slash-and-burn or Swidden farming where temporary fields are partially cleared in forest or jungle, planted for a very few crop cycles, the abandoned.

Hint 83

H6

Front 84

Baraka (movie)

Back 84

hyper-urbanization

Hint 84

G

Front 85

designer culture

Back 85

culture designed to meet the needs of the participants

Hint 85

G