American History H: Chapter 5

Front 1

In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the ________ __ _____________ ___ _________ _____

Back 1

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

Front 2

a plan for a loose union of the states under Congress

Back 2

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

Front 3

The Articles of Confederation had the power to _______ ___, _____ ______, and ____ ________. It, however, did not have the power to ______ _____ or ________ _____.

Back 3

declare war, raise armies, and sign treaties; impose taxes or regulate trade

Front 4

Congress set up the _________ _________ as a basis for governing land west of the Appalachian Mountains

Back 4

Northwest Ordinance

Front 5

The ordinance created a new territory north of the ____ _____ and east of the ___________ _____. When the population of a territory reached _____, it could apply to become a state.

Back 5

Ohio River; Mississippi River; 60,000

Front 6

After the Revolutionary War, British merchants flooded American markets with inexpensive British goods. This drove many American ________ out of business

Back 6

artisans

Front 7

American states imposed ______, or taxes, on imported goods

Back 7

duties

Front 8

The states did not all impose the same duties, however, so the British would land their goods at states with the ______ _____ or ____________

Back 8

lowest taxes or restrictions

Front 9

The end of the Revolutionary War and the slowdown of economic activity with Britain caused a severe _________ in the United States

Back 9

recession

Front 10

_____ _________ broke out in Massachusetts in 1786. It started when the government of Massachusetts decided to raise taxes to pay off its debt instead of issuing paper money

Back 10

Shays’s Rebellion

Front 11

The taxes were worst for _______, especially those in the western part of the state. Those who could not pay their taxes and other debts lost their farms. Farmers rebelled by shutting _______ ___________. The rebellion, led by Daniel Shays, included about 1,200 farmers. They went to a state arsenal to get weapons. A government militia defended the arsenal against the rebels, killing four farmers

Back 11

farmers; county courthouses; Daniel Shays; 1,200

Front 12

Many Americans began to see the risk of having a ____ _______ __________. They called for a change in government

Back 12

weak central government

Front 13

People who supported a stronger central government were called ____________.

Back 13

nationalists

Front 14

______ __________, ________ ________, _____ _______, and _________ ________ were among the prominent nationalists

Back 14

George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton

Front 15

________ suggested that a convention of states be set up to revise the Articles of Confederation

Back 15

Hamilton

Front 16

All states, except _____ ______, sent delegates to the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia in 1787

Back 16

Rhode Island

Front 17

Most of the 55 delegates to the Constitutional Convention had experience in government. ______ __________ was presiding officer. _____ _______ kept records of the debates. The meetings were closed to the public to make sure that the delegates were free to discuss issues without political pressure

Back 17

George Washington; James Madison

Front 18

This plan proposed throwing out the Articles of Confederation and creating a new national government with the power to make laws binding upon the states and to raise its own money through taxes

Back 18

Virginia Plan

Front 19

______ ________ introduced the Virginia Plan

Back 19

Edmund Randolph

Front 20

The Virginia Plan also called for a national government made up of three branches of government:

Back 20

legislative, executive, and judicial

Front 21

The Virginia Plan proposed that the legislature be divided into ___ ______.

Back 21

two houses

Front 22

Voters in each state would elect members of the _____ _____.

Back 22

first house

Front 23

Members of the second house would be elected by the _____ _____.

Back 23

first house

Front 24

The Virginia Plan benefited states with _____ ___________ because in both houses, the number of representatives for each state would reflect the population of that state

Back 24

large populations

Front 25

This plan revised the Articles of Confederation to make the central government stronger

Back 25

New Jersey Plan

Front 26

The New Jersey Plan was proposed by _______ ________

Back 26

William Paterson

Front 27

The delegates of the Constitutional Convention were divided ______________. The small states wanted changes that would protect them against the big states. Northern and Southern states were divided over the issue of slavery in the new constitution

Back 27

geographically

Front 28

_____ ______ of ___________ proposed a compromise known as the __________ __________

Back 28

Roger Sherman of Connecticut; Connecticut Compromise

Front 29

The Connecticut Compromise is also referred to as the _____ __________

Back 29

Great Compromise

Front 30

The compromise proposed two houses of Congress:

Back 30

the House of Representatives and the Senate

Front 31

Representation in the House of Representative would be based on the ______ __________

Back 31

states’ population

Front 32

Each state in the Senate would have ____ ______________

Back 32

equal representation

Front 33

The _____-______ __________ came up with a plan for counting enslaved people in a state. Every five enslaved people in a state would count as three free persons for determining both representation and taxes

Back 33

Three-Fifths Compromise

Front 34

The Constitution was based on the principle of _______ ___________

Back 34

popular sovereignty

Front 35

rule by the people

Back 35

popular sovereignty

Front 36

The Constitution created a system of government called __________. This divided the government between the _______, or _______ __________, and the ____ ___________

Back 36

federalism; federal, or national government, and the state governments

Front 37

The Constitution provided for a __________ __ ______ among the three branches of government

Back 37

separation of powers

Front 38

The __________ ______ makes the laws. The _________ ______ enforces the laws. The _______ ______ interprets federal laws

Back 38

legislative branch; executive branch; judicial branch

Front 39

The Constitution provides for a system of ______ and ________ to prevent any one of the three branches of government from becoming too powerful

Back 39

checks and balances

Front 40

The powers of the President include:

Back 40

- proposing legislation
- appointing judges
- putting down rebellions
- the ability to veto, or reject, legislation

Front 41

The powers of the legislative branch include the ability to:

Back 41

override the veto with a two-thirds vote in both houses

Front 42

Congress can _______, or formally accuse of misconduct, and then remove the president or any high official in the executive or judicial branch

Back 42

impeach

Front 43

The Constitution has a system for making __________, or changes to the Constitution

Back 43

amendments

Front 44

There is a ___-____ _______ for amending the Constitution

Back 44

two-step process

Front 45

The two step process for amending the Constitution:

Back 45

proposal and ratification

Front 46

People who supported the Constitution were called ___________

Back 46

Federalists

Front 47

Supporters of the Federalists and the new Constitution included:

Back 47

- large landowners
- merchants and artisans from large coastal cities
- farmers who lived near the coast or along rivers that led to the coast

Front 48

Opponents to the Constitution were called _______________

Back 48

Antifederalists

Front 49

Many opponents believed the new Constitution should include a ____ __ ______. Many opposed the Constitution because they thought it endangered the ____________ of the states

Back 49

bill of rights; independence

Front 50

Antifederalists included:

Back 50

- prominent American leaders
- western farmers living far from the coast

Front 51

A collection of 85 essays written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay in "___ _________" summarized the Federalists’ arguments for ratification

Back 51

The Federalist

Front 52

James Madison is regarded as the “______ __ ___ ____________” because of his ideas and contribution to this document

Back 52

Father of the Constitution

Front 53

The first state conventions took place in ________ ____ and _______ ____. Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut quickly ________ the
Constitution.

Back 53

December 1787 and January 1788; ratified

Front 54

In order to get the Constitution ratified in Massachusetts, Federalists promised to add a ____ __ ______ to the Constitution once it was ratified and to support an amendment that would reserve for the states all powers not specifically granted to the federal government.

Back 54

bill of rights

Front 55

Many feared that without the support of ________ and ___ ____, the new federal government would not succeed. Virginia ratified the Constitution when the Federalists agreed to add a bill of rights. New York agreed to ratify the Constitution after it learned that Virginia and New Hampshire had ratified it. New York did not want to operate independently of all of the surrounding states

Back 55

Virginia and New York