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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In 1740 a common interest in the ____ _____ ______ led to tensions between the French and the British. Both sides began building forts to claim the territory
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Ohio River valley
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______ __________ was asked to intervene for the British and expel the French. The American troops started toward the Ohio River in the spring of 1754. After a brief battle, Washington and his troops retreated
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George Washington
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The British government suggested that the American colonies form an alliance with the Iroquois. During a meeting called the Albany Conference between the colonists and the Iroquois, the Iroquois agreed to remain neutral and the colonists agreed that Britain should name one supreme commander of all the British troops in the colonies. The conference issued the ______ ____ __ _____
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Albany Plan of Union
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the first suggestion that the colonies unite to form a federal government
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Albany Plan of Union
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British commander in chief, General Edward Braddock, appointed George Washington to serve as his aide. In 1755 French and Native American forces ambushed the British troops near Fort Duquesne in western Pennsylvania. Washington’s leadership saved the British from disaster. For the next two years, the ______ ___ ______ ___ was fought on the frontier
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French and Indian War
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In 1756 fighting between Britain and France spread to Europe and became known as the _____ _____ ___. Britain’s allies fought the French in Europe. Britain’s prime minister sent most of Britain’s forces to North America and India to fight the French
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Seven Years’ War
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The turning point of the war in North America occurred with a British victory at Quebec. The ______ __ _____ finally ended the war in 1763, and for the most part eliminated French power in North America.
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Treaty of Paris
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In the spring of 1763, _______, chief of the Ottawa people, united several Native American groups, including the Ottawa, Delaware, Shawnee, and Seneca peoples, to go to war against the British. They attacked forts and towns along the frontier
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Pontiac
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The British government did not want to pay for another war, so it issued the _____ ____________ __ _____ that limited western settlement
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Royal Proclamation of 1763
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In an effort to reduce Britain’s debt and pay for the British troops in North America, ______ _________, the British prime minister and first lord of the Treasury, implemented new tax policies in the colonies
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George Grenville
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Merchants smuggled goods in and out of America to avoid _______ ______, or taxes paid on imports and exports.
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customs duties
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Grenville convinced Parliament to pass a law that sent smugglers to a new vice-admiralty court in ____ ______ run by naval officers who were unsympathetic to smugglers
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Nova Scotia
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Grenville also introduced the _____ ___ in the colonies
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Sugar Act
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changed tax rates for raw sugar and molasses imported from foreign colonies. It placed new taxes on silk, wine, coffee, pimento, and indigo.
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Sugar Act
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Merchants felt the _____ ___ hurt trade and argued that it violated traditional English rights. Colonists argued that they were being taxed without representation in Parliament.
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Sugar Act
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To slow inflation, Parliament passed the ________ ___ __ ____
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Currency Act of 1764
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banned the use of paper money in the colonies, angering colonial farmers and artisans who used paper money to pay back loans
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Currency Act of 1764
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To raise more money to pay for the war, Parliament passed the _____ ___ in 1765
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Stamp Act
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______ were required on most printed materials
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Stamps
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The _____ ___ was the first direct tax Britain had ever placed on the colonists.
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stamp tax
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The __________ ___, passed by Parliament in 1765, forced the colonists to pay more for their own defense by providing places to stay for British troops in the colonies
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Quartering Act
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Colonial merchants signed a ______________ __________, agreeing not to buy any British goods until the Stamp Act was repealed. The protests led to the Stamp Act being repealed in 1766
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nonimportation agreement
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Parliament, in an effort to assert its control over the colonies, passed the ___________ ___, which gave them the power to make laws for the colonies
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Declaratory Act
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In 1767 British finance minister _______ ________ introduced a new set of regulations and taxes known as the _________ ____
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Charles Townshend; Townshend Acts
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One of these acts, the _______ ___ of 1767, placed new customs duties on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea imported into the colonies
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Revenue Act
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The Revenue Act legalized the use of general search warrants called ______ __ __________
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writs of assistance
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John Dickinson published a series of essays called _______ ____ _ ____________ ______, which stressed that only assemblies elected by colonists had the right to tax them. Dickinson called on colonists to resist the Townshend Acts
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Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer
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Virginia’s House of Burgesses passed the ________ ________, stating that only the House had the right to tax Virginians
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Virginia Resolves
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The ____ __ _______ encouraged colonists to support the boycott of British goods. In 1769 colonial imports from Britain declined sharply from what they had been the year before
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Sons of Liberty
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On March 5, 1770, British troops fired into a crowd of colonists in Boston. Aman of African and Native American descent was the first colonist to die in what became known as the ______ ________. The British were viewed as tyrants who were killing people standing up for their rights. In response, Britain repealed the _________ ____, leaving only one tax—on ___—to uphold its right to tax the colonies
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Boston Massacre; Townshend Acts; tea
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