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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Appropriateness of an exercise professional's actions in light of current professional standards and based on the age, condition, and knowledge of the participant |
Standard of care |
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Range and limit of responsibilities normally associated with a specific job or profession Can vary from state to state Legal range of services that professionals in a given field can provide, settings where they can be provided, and guidelines that must be followed |
Scope of practice |
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A voluntary process by which a non-governmental body such as ACE grants a time-limited recognition and use of a credential to individuals who have demonstrated that they have met the criteria for required knowledge, skills, or competencies for safe and effective practice in a specific job role |
Professional Certification |
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Education or training program on a specific topic for which participants receive a certificate after attendance and/or completion of the coursework Often include a post-course assessment or practical demonstration |
Certificate |
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Recognizes a relatively narrow scope of specialized knowledge used in performing duties or tasks as part of a certain profession or occupation Ex) continuing education courses |
Knowledge-based certificate |
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Issued after an individual completes a course or series of courses and passes an assessment - the content of the assessment is limited to the course content |
Curriculum-based certificate |
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Issued after an individual attends or participates in a particular learning event Typically no knowledge assessed prior to issuing this type of certificate |
Certificate of completion of participation |
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The mandatory process by which a governmental agency grants a time-limited permission to an individual to engage in a given occupation after verifying that he or she has met standardized criteria and offers title protection for those who meet the criteria |
Licensure |
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The professional designation defined by a governmental entity in professional regulations or rules |
Registration |
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Physicians Nutrition Professionals Mental health professionals alternative healthcare practitioners Rehabilitation professionals Trainers/coaches/instructors |
Allied Healthcare Continuum Members |
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Capacity of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles and tissues during sustained exercise and to remove metabolic waste products that would result in fatigue |
Cardiorespiratory endurance |
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The ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against a resistance over a sustained period of time |
Muscular endurance |
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the maximal force a muscle or muscle group can exert during contraction |
Muscular strength |
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Adding difficultly to a movement |
Progressions |
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Modifying a movement to make it easier |
Regressions |
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Pre-planned: designed by gym or employer, basic set of standards to follow Freestyle: instructor freedom |
Pre-planned vs. freestyle classes |
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The extent to which people follow their plans or treatment recommendations |
Adherence |
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The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow muscles that produce movement and muscles that provide stability to work together synergistically as an integrated functional unit |
Neuromuscular efficiency |
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Tendon: a band of fibrous tissue forming the termination of a muscle and attaching the muscle to the bone Ligament: strong, fibrous tissue that connects on bone to another Tendon- muscle to bone Ligament - bone to bone |
Tendon vs. ligament |
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A metabolic by-product of anaerobic glycosis; when it accumulates it decreases blood pH, which slows down enzyme activity and ultimately causes fatigue |
Lactic acid |
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Originally developed by Gunnar Borg Provides a standard means for evaluating a participant's perception of exercise effort Original scale ranged from 6-20 [7 = very,very light and 19= very, very hard]; revised category ratio scale ranges from 0-10 [0= nothing at all and 10 = very, very strong] |
RPE (ratings of perceived exertion) |
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involuntary motor response, special receptors in the muscle fibers detect sudden stretches and excessive lengthening and the stretch reflex helps the muscle contract in an effort to not let it snap |
Stretch reflex |
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special receptors within muscle fibers that detect sudden over stretching and work to combat it |
muscle spindles & golgi tendon organs |
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Cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility body comp |
Health-related components of physical fitness |
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Agility, coordination, power, balance, reaction time, speed |
Skill-related components of physical fitness |
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the ability to rapidly and accurately change the position of the body in space |
Agility |
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The rate at which work can be performed |
Power |
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the ability to smoothly and accurately perform complex movements |
Coordination |
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the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time |
Speed |
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the amount of time elapsed between the stimulus for movement and the beginning of movement |
Reaction time |
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Frequency- greater than or equal to 5 days/wk of moderate exercise or 3 days/wk of vigorous exercise Intensity- moderate and/or vigorous intensity is recommended for most adults; light to moderate ok for deconditioned individuals time-30-60 min a day of moderate exercise or 20-60 of vigorous ; <20 min of exercise per day can be beneficial type- regular, purposeful exercise volume- greater than or equal to 7,000 steps a day is beneficial pattern- may be performed in one continuous session per day or in multiple sessions of greater than 10 minutes to accumulate the desired duration of exercise pr day progression - gradual by adjusting exercise duration, frequency, and intensity is reasonable until desired exercise goal is attained |
ACSM guidelines for AEROBIC [CARDIOVASCULAR] exercise for healthy adults (frequency, intensity, time, type, volume, pattern progression) |
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frequency - each major muscle group 2-3 days a week intensity- novice to intermediate: 60-70% 1 RM; experienced: greater than 80%; older individuals/new exercisers to improve strength: 40-50%; older individuals to improve power: 20-50% type- resistance exercises involving each major muscle group, multi joint exercises affecting more than one muscle group and targeting agonist and antagonist muscles repetitions- 8-12 to improve strength and power; 10-15 to improve strength in older individuals; 15-20 to improve muscular endurance sets- 2 to 4 sets for most adults to improve strength and power, less than or equal to 2 sets to improve muscular endurance pattern- rest intervals of 2-3 mins b/t each set of repetitions, rest greater than or = to 48 hrs between sessions for a single muscle group progression- a gradual progression of greater resistance, or more reps per set, or increased frequency |
ACSM guidelines for RESISTANCE exercise for healthy adults (frequency, intensity, time, type, repetitions, sets, pattern, progression) |
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Says specific exercise demands made on the body produce specific responses by the body |
Specificity |
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gradual increase of physiological stress placed on the body during exercise |
Progressive overload |
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suggests that any improvement in physical fitness due to physical activity is entirely reversible with the discontinuation of the training program |
Reversibility |
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Concept that joints and segments have an effect on one another during movement |
Kinetic Chain |
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Right and left halves; imagine you are standing with your right side up against a wall, any movements along that wall will be sagittal Flexion/extension, plantar flexion/dorsiflexion EX) Traditional crunches, lunges, indoor cycling |
Sagittal Plane |
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Front and back halves, imagine you are standing with a wall in front of your face; lots of lateral movement Abduction, adduction, ankle eversion/inversion EX) jumping jacks |
Frontal Plane |
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upper and lower halves (superior/inferior), imagine there is a wall that goes around you at your waist Rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction EX) russian twists |
Transverse Plane |
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Stability - ability to maintain or control joint movement or position Mobility- range of uninhibited movement around a joint or body segment |
Joint stability vs. joint mobility |
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bend-and-lift: (raising and lowering) standing up from a chair single-leg movements: walking, lunging upper-body pushing movements: pushing open a door upper-body pulling movements: opening a car door rotational movements: reaching across to buckle a seatbelt |
FIVE PRIMARY MOVEMENT PATTERNS |
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Agonist: creates a major movement at a joint, a.k.a prime mover Antagonist: muscle that acts in opposition to the contraction produced by the agonist |
Agonist vs. antagonist muscles |
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cardiorespiratory, strength, and flexibility |
three pillars of a well-rounded fitness routine |
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Body's preferred energy source Easy for the body to break down and provide quick energy Stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose Dietary sources - simple sugars, grains, rice, potatoes |
Carbs |
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composed of 20 amino acids major structural component of all body tissue |
Proteins |
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essential nutrient that provides energy, energy storage, insulation, and contour to the body 1 gram of fat = 9 calls |
fats |
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three fatty acids joined to a glycerol how fat is stored in the body |
Triglycerides |
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high-energy phosphate molecule required to provide energy for cellular function |
ATP |
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creatine phosphate: a storage form of high-energy phosphate in muscle cells that can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP system: energy pathway that consists of ATP and PC, provides immediate energy |
Creatine phosphate + creatine phosphate system |
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phosphogen system: a system of transfer of chemical energy from the breakdown of creatine phosphate to regenerate ATP GAS: energy pathway that uses glycogen to produce power, but not as quickly as creatine phosphate system Aerobic: energy pathway that uses oxygen, fats, carbs, and sometimes proteins for resynthesizing ATP |
THREE ENERGY PATHWAYS Phosphagen system Glycolytic anaerobic system Aerobic system |
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2 hours prior: 17-20 oz 10-20 min during exercise: 7-10 oz After exercise: 16-24 oz for every lb of body weight lost |
fluid intake recommendations during exercise |
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Zone 1: low to moderate intensity exercise, the exerciser can talk comfortably Zone 2: moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise during which talking is a little challenging but still possible Zone 3: very vigorous exercise, exerciser cannot talk comfortably |
THREE ZONE INTENSITY MODEL |
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First ventilatory threshold: ventilation starts to increase, but can still talk Second ventilatory threshold: talking is very difficult, high intensity exercise can no longer be sustained |
VT1 and VT2 |
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ACE Integrated Fitness Training Model, provides a systematic and comprehensive approach to exercise programming to facilitate behavior change. There are four levels from beginner to advanced (function, health, fitness, performance) and phases for each depending on if it's resistance training or cardiorespiratory training Functional movement/resistance training - phase 1: stability and mobility training -phase 2: movement training -phase 3: load training -phase 4: performance training and Cardiorespiratory training - phase 1 : aerobic-base training - talk test -phase 2 : aerobic-efficiency training - VT1 -phase 3 : anaerobic-endurance training - VT2 -phase 4: anaerobic power training |
ACE IFT Model +function/health/fitness/performance continuum |
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Lordosis: exaggerated lumbar curve Kyphosis: excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic spine Scoliosis: spine is in an S shape |
Lordosis, kyphosis, and scoliosis |
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Heat Exhaustion: weak, rapid pulse, low BP, headache, naseua, dizziness, weakness, paleness, cold skin, sweating Heat stroke: hot, dry skin, bright red skin, rapid, strong pulse, labored breathing, body temp above 104 |
Heat exhaustion vs. heat stroke |
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Sprain: tearing or over stretching of a ligament and/or connective tissue Strain: tearing or over stretching of a muscle or tendon |
Sprain vs. strain |
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Under 85 decibels is recommended |
Volume of Music |
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Down: regular strong pulsations occurring in a continuous pattern at an even rhythm Up: the deemphasized beat in music |
Music downbeat vs. upbeat |
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count the number of downbeats in 15 seconds and multiply by 4 |
How to determine BPM |
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<100: pilates, yoga, stretching 100-122: beginner step classes, low-impact aerobics 122-129: group strength classes, aquatic fitness 130-160: faster paced movement classes, martial arts |
Music Tempo for different exercise |
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Target heart rate Talk test Ratings of Perceived Exertion Dyspnea scale |
Intensity-monitoring methods |
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Carotid Pulse - neck lymphnode Radial Pulse- wrist Temporal Pulse- temple |
Pulse Rates Sites |
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Highest heart rate a person can attain 220 - age |
maximal heart rate (HRMax) |
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HRR = maximal heart rate- resting heart rate |
Heart-rate reserve |
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process by which measured quantities from a remote site are transmitted to a data-collection point for recording and processing |
Telemetry |
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1) class title 2) identify primary goal and objectives 3) primary audience 4) duration 5) theme 6) general format : warm up, conditioning phase, cool-down 7) equipment 8) music |
Planning a class |
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At least 5-10 min Exercises to increase stability and mobility Rehearsal moves The harder the conditioning phase, the more extensive the warm up should be Ex) arm circles, glute bridges |
Planning a warm-Up |
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1) What is the objective of this course? 2) What muscles are being worked during this exercise or skill? 3) Do the benefits outweigh the risks? 4) Can this movement or skill be scaled to various ability levels? |
Exercise evaluation criteria |
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For conditioning, mutli-joint to single-joint approach is safe and effective Plymoetrics should be performed early on before fatigue occurs |
Exercise order |
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Identifying the purpose Appripirately naming the class Estalblishing objectives |
Three main class design pillars |
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Exercise evaluation Scaling exercise intensity |
Planning the conditioning segment |
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Myofascial release and stretching |
Planning the cool down |
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Personal attributes: demographics, health status, activity history, psychological traits, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs Environmental factors: access to facilities, time, social support Physical-activity factors :intensity, injury |
Determinants for physical activity |
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Examines your readiness to change 1st stage - pre contemplation 2nd stage - contemplation 3rd stage - preparation 4th stage - action 5th stage - maintenance |
TTM (Transtheoretical model of behavior change) OR "stages of change" model |
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Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound |
SMART goals |
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Let front desk know you're here Check temperature, lighting, and any hazards Set up music and equipment |
Initial ON-site procedures before class |
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Stagger arrangement: aquatics, dance-based parallel arrangment: circuit classes circle arrangement: boot-camps horizontal line: barre class |
Arrangements of participants |
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Age, posture, and new participation |
Pre-class evaluation |
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verbal learners: need to hear cues visual learners: need to see cues kinesthetic learners: need to feel cues |
Participant learning styles |
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Delivering cues while addressing all of the learning styles ( visual, verbal, and kinesthetic) |
three dimensional cueing |
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breathing, rhythm, anatomical, numerical, directional, safety, motivational, alignment, spatial, humorous |
Types of effective cues |
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Command style: makes all decisions about posture, rhythm, and duration seeking imitation, instructor is stationary in front of the room Practice style: provides opportunities for individualization and one-on-one feedback Self-check style: participants provide their own feedback by reporting results |
Three teaching styles |
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Cognitive domain: the brain's ability to gather and retain info and knowledge, like remembering choreography affective domain: describes emotional behaviors, beliefs, and attitudes, like associating fitness learning with positive feelings psychomotor domain: refers to activies requiring movement, like physical side of learning a new motor skill |
Domains of learning When teaching a motor skill, learning takes place in these three levels of human behavior |
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Cognitive: movements are new to participant, errors are made Associative: improvements in basic fundamental of the skill, can concentrate on cues now and improve performance Autonomous: motor skill becomes automatic or habitual |
Fitts and Posner: Stages of learning for motor skills |
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Slow to fast/half-time: introduce the move at a slow pace so they get form down Repetition-reduction: reduce # of reps that make up a movement sequence Part-to-whole/add in: breaking down a movement into simple parts and learning all those individually first Simple to complex/layering: reduce complexity of movement at first |
Teaching strategies |
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Direction Rhythm, ROM, resistance, repititions Intensity, impact Lever length Stability |
DRILLS |
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major form of cardiovascular disease, results when the coronary arteries are narrowed |
Coronary heart disease |
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high blood pressure above 140/90 |
hypertension |
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normal: systolic- <120 disatolic <80 prehypertension: systeolic 120-139 diastolic 80-89 hypertension stage 1: S 140-159 D 90-99 hypertension stage 2 : S >160 D >100 |
classification of blood pressure |
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Osteoarthritis: degenerative disease involving the wearing away of joint cartilage Rheumatoid: autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of connective tissues and joints |
Osteoarthritis vs. rheumatioid arthritis |
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Matching: where one exercises ends, another starts; like a front squat followed by an overhead press Mending: stringing two exercises/movements together; squat and overhead press in union Patching: performing an additional movement b/t two exercises; like burps |
Ways to transition movements (matching, mending, patching) |
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Glenohumeral- mobility Scapulothoracic- stability Thoracic spine- mobility lumbar spine- stability hip - mobility knee- stability ankle-mobility foot- stability |
Stability or mobility throughout kinetic chain |
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Neuromuscular - being able to stand on one leg, executing exercises on an unstable surface Training - both sides of the body need to be trained equally Programming - instructors should consider agonist and antagonist muscles and varying planes of motion |
Balance in group exercise |
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Clavicle acromion process of scapula scapula spine of scapula |
Shoulder girdle bones |
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sternum ribs |
Thorax bones |
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humerus ulna radius carpals phalanges metacarpals |
Upper extremity bones |
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verterbral column: cervical vertebra thoracic vertebra lumbar vertebra sacrum coccyx |
Spine bones |
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pelvic girdle sacrum ilium ischium |
Pelvic girdle bones |
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femur patella tibia fibula tarsals and metatarsals |
lower extremity bones |
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rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis knee extension and hip flexion |
Quadriceps muscles |
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semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris knee flexion and hip extension |
Hamstrings muscles |
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anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, soleus |
Calves muscles |
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gluteus maximus gluteus minimus gluteus medius |
glutes muscles |
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rectus abdominus, external oblique, internal oblique, erector spinae |
Abdominals muscles |
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pec major, pec minor, deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapiezius, rhomboid major and minor |
Shoulder muscles |
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biceps brachii, triceps brachii |
Arm muscles |
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psoas major and minor, tensor fascia late, sartorius, iliacus |
Hip flexor muscles |
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Bilateral standing Kneeling Unilateral standing Quadruped Plank Prone Side-plank/side-lying Supine Reverse plank Seated |
Neutral position of the spine in 10 positions |
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you want flooring that absorbs shock to reduce the negative effects on the joints hardwood- good shock absorption and good traction for dynamic movements concrete- not recommended, absorbs little shock and can be dangerous carpeting- poor choice, catch the edge of shoes and is unsanitary outdoor surfaces- tend to have good shock absorption but bad traction |
Exercise flooring |
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hyper: high BP above 140/90 hypo: low BP below |
hyper/hypotensive |
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Wear several layers of clothing, allow for adequate ventilation of sweat like drift clothing, select garment materials that allow the body to give off heat during exercise |
Tips for exercising in the cold |
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Needs to provide good cushioning, support, and flexibility cycling: stiff-soled or cycling shoes running: not appropriate for lateral movement |
Footwear |
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meter: organization of beats into musical patterns or measures measures: one group of beats in a musical composition marked by the regular occurrence of the heavy accent accent: emphasis on the given beat tempo: rate of speed of music, BPM musical phrases: a short musical passage, used to choreograph movement to music |
music terminology: meter, measures, accent, tempo, musical phrases |
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Kickboxing: RPE or talk test Aquatic: RPE or talk test Group indoor cycling: HR or talk test Equipment based classes: HR, RPE, or talk test |
Recommended methods of intensity monitoring by class type |
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subjective score that reflects the relative difficulty or breathing as perceived by the participant during physical activity +1: mild, noticable to exerciser but not to observer +2: mild, some difficultly that is noticeable to observer +3 moderate difficulty, participant can continue to exercise +4 severe difficulty participant must stop exercising |
dyspnea scale |
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cat/camel: thoracic spine mobility birddog: to enhance stability of the lumbar spine glute bridge: to enhance hip mobility arm circles: to improve shoulder mobility |
Warm up ideas to increase stability/mobility |
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Increase awareness of risks of being inactive and the benefits of engaging in physical activity, encourage them to start thinking about change |
Precontemplation stage |
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get involved in some type of activity w/ basic structured direction provide opportunities to ask questions and to express apprehensions, provide info about different types of activities and facilities, offer free-trial passes |
Contemplation stage |
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regularly participate in structured physical activity provide continued support and positive feedback, encourage steps toward building self-efficacy |
Preparation stage |
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maintain regular physical activity as a habit through motivation and adherence increase awareness of inevitable lapses and reiterate long-term benefits |
Action stage |
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maintain continued interest in activity, avoiding boredom or burnout reinforce the need to transition from external to internal rewards, encourage program variety |
Maintenance stage |
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written statement signed by participant prior to testing that informs him or her of testing purposes and all potential risks/discomforts |
Informed consent |
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Health related insurance portability and accountability act adresses the use and disclosure of individual's protected health information |
HIPAA |
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all diseases caused by the obstruction of large peripheral arteries |
Peripheral arterial disease |
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characterized by the accumulation of fatty material on the inner walls of the arteries, causing them to harden and thicken |
atherosclerosis |
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decrease in blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by blockage in blood vessels |
ischemia |
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emphasize the importance of self-monitoring exercise intensity avoid abruptly changing from lying down to standing avoid performing the valsalva maneuver avoid performing isometric exercise, which rises bp |
Exercise considerations for participants with cardiac conditions |
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COPD a condition, such as asthma bronchitis or emphysema in which there is chronic obstruction of air flow |
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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1) at first sign of breathing difficulties, the person should stop and rest for at least 10 min 2) they should then take medication 3) have the person drink warm liquid slowly, no cold liquid 4) if you have any doubts about severity of the attack, get medical help; if person's lips of fingernails are turning blue or they exhibit shallow breathing get medical help immediately |
steps for managing an asthma attack |
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pursed-lip breathing diaphramatic breathing |
breathing techniques |
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-if pulmonary exacerbations arise before or during activity, activity should be limited until symptoms subside -encourage an extended warm up and cool down -hydration to keep airways moist -breathing techniques -use RPE and dyspnea scale to monitor exercise intensity -limit exposure to cold, polluted, or high allergen environments |
exercise considerations for participants with asthma |
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inflammation of joints, degenerative joint disease |
Arthritis |
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-avoid vigorous exercise during acute flare-ups and periods of inflammation, but still do gentle ROM exercises -stop exercise if joint pain is too severe -explain that a small amount of joint and/or muscle discomfort during exercise is normal, and that it does not necessarily mean that damage has occurred to the joints -perform an adequate warm up and cool down -start with light aerobic exercise -dynamic flexibility exercises - water temps for aquatic exercise should be between 83-88 degrees to relax muscles |
exercise considerations for participants with osteoarthritis |
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exercise can have a significant effect on lowering blood glucose proper timing of medication administration and nutrient consumption -measuring blood glucose levels before and after exercise, if levels are below 100mg they should have a small carb snack before activity -levels should be between 100 and 300mg |
exercise considerations for participants with diabetes |
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Hyperglycemia: glucose in blood abnormally high - above 100mg Hypo: glucose in blood abnormally low - lower than 70mg |
Hyper vs. hypoglycemia |
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early symptoms: anxiety, extreme hunger, confusion, headaches, insomnia late symptoms: double vision, sweating, nausea, loss of motor coordination, pale skin, strong pulse, coma stop activity, sit down and check blood glucose, drink OJ, sit quietly and wait for response, check levels again, if above 100 resume activity, if not better than seek medical attention |
Insulin reaction symptoms and treatment |
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decreased muscle mass, often in old people associated with falls and diminished functionality |
sarcopenia |
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-focus on balance as a foundational skill -core conditioning helps balance -high velocity power training may increase overall quality of life -ask older participants if they have any limitations they want you to know about -extensive warm up and cool down (10 min each) and include activation exercises -do not move quickly from seated to standing -use dyspnea scale or RPE -select music appealing to this generation -include cognitive exercises |
exercise considerations for older adults |
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-children sweat less which allows them to conserve water better than adults -MHR is higher than the adult population (200-205 bpm) -gamify exercise sessions to increase adherence -use light-weight equipment and supervise |
exercise considerations for youth |
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-exercising in temperature-controlled areas and eating a snack before exercise will promote safe exercise for the baby -the center of gravity will be off when the belly grows resulting in poor balance and coordination -more flexible during pregnancy -avoid repetitive jumping or skipping and deep knee bends -incorproate exercises for postural muscles -avoid long periods of standing -extended warm up and cool down -avoid prone and supine exercises and do side-lying and all-fours instead |
exercise considerations for prenatal participants |
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-start slowly -avoid excessive fatigue -wear a supportive bra -hydrate -cease activity if you feel pain -if vaginal bleeding occurs seek medical attention -woman who have had c sections will need extra time before doing abs |
exercise considerations for postpartum participants |
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beta: all go down diuretics: HRs stay same antihistamines: HRs stay same cold medication: HRs stay same tranquilizers: resting may go down, but all same antidepresseants: resting may go up, but rest same alcohol: resting - same or up; exercising and max are same diet pills: resting and exercising may go up or stay same, max will stay same caffiene: resting and exercise same or up, max is same nicotine: resting and exercise same or up, max is same |
effects of medication on HR response |
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sign: an objective, observable indicator such as loss of coordination or blue lips symtom: a sensory indicator such as dizziness or nausea |
signs vs. symptoms |
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tendinitis: inflammation of a tendon due to overuse bursitis: inflammation of a bursa sac near tendon or joint plantar fasciitis: inflammation of plantar surface of foot shin splints IT band friction: inflammatory overuse where IT band rubs against lateral femoral epicondyle patellofemoral pain: lateral deviation of patella during knee extension impingements: when a muscle tendon or nerve pinches b/t bony structures low-back pain: results from acute injury causing joint and muscle pain |
chronic musuloskeletal conditions |
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heart attack: pain in chest, arms, back, difficulty breathing, naseua, anxiety, sweating, lightheadedness asthma attack: wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest, panic, pale face choking: loss of speech, pale or blueish skin |
cardiorespiratory emergencies |
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stroke: numb in arms, legs, or face, confusion, trouble speaking, loss of vision, balance loss, drooping on face concussion: shock, blurred vision, sensitive to light, pupils dilated seizures: convulsions, loss of coordination, clenching of jaw, bladder control loss |
cerebrovascular emergencies |
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heat cramps: painful cramps, loss of strength, muscle spasms in arms legs and stomach, dehydrated heat exhaustion: weak rapid pulse, low bp, cold clammy skin heat stroke: hot dry skin, rapid pulse, elevated core temp above 104 hypothermia: shivering, tingling, burning feeling in nose and ears, numb |
environmental emergencies |
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-name, adress, phone # of injured person -time, date, place of accident -brief description of part of body affected and nature of injury -description and model # of equipment involved -reference to any instruction given -brief, factual description of how injury occurred -name, address, phone # of any witnesses -brief statement of actions taken at time of injury -signatures of supervisor and injured person should be kept for several years depending on statue of limitations |
accident reporting |
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failure to act as a reasonable and prudent person would act under a similar circumstance |
negligence |
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health screening: assess risk of new participants, evaluate prior to participation, take a health history, maybe a par-q instruction: give enough direction and make it easy to understand, make sure it's correct instruction; conform to the standard of care supervision: mointor ratio of participants to instructors, ensure all participants are in full view equipment/facility: safety issues, focus on floor surface, lighting, entrance and exit signs, make sure equipment meets industry standards, is often repaired or maintained, and caution is exercised when recommending equipment |
four areas of responsibility |
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voluntary abandonment of a right to file suit, not always legally binding |
waiver |
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signed document that indicates that the participant is aware of inherent risks and potential injuries that may occur in participation |
agreement to participate |
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binding agreement b/t two or more persons that is enforceable by law composed of an offer, acceptance, and consideration |
contract |
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insurance to protect a trainer/instructor against professional negligence |
professional liability insurance |
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provides additional coverage beyond professional insurance such as home and automobile |
umbrella liability policy |
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-an offer and acceptance: mututal agreement -consideration: exchange of items at value -legality: acceptable under law -capacity: majority age and mental competency -identification of the parties: GFI and participant -description of services to be performed: GFI and consultation -compensation: agreed upon wage or fee per hr -confidential relationship: agreement not to divulge personal info gained -business status: confirmation of employment status -term and termination: express definition of length of contract and conditions which allow termination |
binding contract elements |
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independent: conducts trianing on his or her own on a contract basis employee: works for another person or organization in exchange for financial compensation |
employement status: independent contractor vs. employee |
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document granting permission that varies and applies to a # of situations often used by studios to avoid copyright issues with playing music professional liability insurance will not cover you for copyright infringement claims |
blanket license |
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prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability |
Americans with disabilities act |
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Overweight: an excessive amount of weight for a given height using height-to-weight ratios Obesity: excessive accumulation of body fat; over 25% body fat for men, over 32% body fat for women |
Obesity vs. overweight |
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Young children: CARBS - 45-64% PROTEINS - 5-20% FAT- 30-40% Older children and adolescents: CARBS- 45-65% PROTEINS 10-30% FAT - 25-35% Adults: CARBS - 45-65% PROTEINS 10-35% FAT 20-35% |
Recommended macronutrients by age |
