Abdomen Part 1

Front 1

Abdomen - definition

Back 1

Part of trunk between thorax and pelvis

Front 2

Anterolateral abdominal wall - borders

Back 2

Pelvic bones inferiorly

Vertebral column posteriorly (L1-L5)

Ribs, costal cartilages, and xiphisternal joint superiorly

Front 3

Layers of muscles in anterolateral abdominal wall (superficial to deep)

Back 3

External oblique - hands down fibers

Internal oblique - hands up fibers

Transversus abdominis - horizontal fibers

Front 4

Rectus abdominis - Location

Back 4

Runs up center of anterior abdominal wall

Front 5

Functions of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

Back 5

Flexing trunk

Compressing/supporting internal viscera

Front 6

Muscles of posterior abdominal wall

Back 6

Iliacus

Psoas major

Quadratus lumborum

Front 7

Psoas and Iliacus combined action

Back 7

Flex the thigh

Front 8

Slips of muscle that attach diaphragm to vertebral column

Back 8

Left and right crus

Front 9

Vena caval foramen

Passes through what?

Structure that passes through?

At what vertebral level?

Back 9

Central tendon of diaphragm

IVC

T8

Front 10

Esophageal hiatus

Passes through what?

Structures that pass through?

At what vertebral level?

Back 10

Right crus

Esophagus & vagal trunks

T10

Front 11

Aortic hiatus

Passes through where?

Structures that pass through?

At what vertebral level?

Back 11

Gap behind margin of diaphragm

Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

T12

Front 12

Abdomen - contents

Back 12

Gastrointestinal system organs (stomach & intestines, liver, pancreas, gall bladder)

Urinary system structures

Spleen

Nervous system structures

Vascular structures

Front 13

Peritoneum - definition

Back 13

Closed sac w/in interior of abdominal cavity containing thin layer of serous fluid

Front 14

Epiploic foramen

Back 14

Separates greater and lesser sacs of peritoneum

Front 15

Mesentery - definition

Back 15

Double layers of peritoneum that hang off an edge of an organ and fuse together

Front 16

Greater omentum

Definition?

Attachments?

Back 16

Double layer of peritoneum formed form mesentery hanging off greater curvature of stomach, folding back on itself, fusing with mesentery of transverse colon

Greater curvature of stomach

Front 17

Lesser omentum

Definition?

Attachments?

Back 17

Double layer of peritoneum running from lesser curvature of stomach and proximal duodenum to inferior surface of liver

Lesser curvature of stomach, duodenum

Liver

Front 18

Transverse mesocolon

Attachments?

Back 18

Mesentery of transverse colon

Attaches transverse colon to posterior abdominal wall

Front 19

Sigmoid mesocolon

Back 19

Mesentery attaching sigmoid colon to posterior abdominal wall

Front 20

"The Mesentery"

Back 20

Mesentery of small intestine

Attaches jejunum and ileum to posterior abdominal wall

Front 21

Mesoappendix

Back 21

Mesentery attaching appendix to cecum

Front 22

Falciform ligament - definition

Back 22

Mesentery attaching liver to anterior abdominal wall

Front 23

Greater sac

Back 23

Portion of peritoneal cavity "anterior" to stomach and most of gut tube organs

Majority of peritoneal cavity

Front 24

Lesser sac

Back 24

Small pinched off recess of peritoneal cavity (dead end due to spleen on left side of stomach)

Portion of peritoneal cavity posterior to stomach and lesser omentum

Front 25

Abdominal arterial supply - general

Back 25

Aorta to common iliac as.

Front 26

Arteries supplying diaphragm

Back 26

Inferior phrenic as.

Front 27

Arteries supplying suprarenal glands

Back 27

Middle suprarenal as.

Front 28

Arteries supplying muscular wall of abdomen

Back 28

Lumbar as.

Front 29

Arteries supplying retroperitoneal kidneys

Back 29

Renal as.

Front 30

Arteries supplying ovaries or testes

Back 30

Gonadal as.

Front 31

3 unpaired branches of as. supplying peritoneal viscera within abdomen

Back 31

Celiac trunk, superior mesenteric a., inferior mesenteric a.

Front 32

Celiac trunk - supplies?

Back 32

Foregut structures (stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, spleen)

Front 33

Superior mesenteric artery - supplies?

Back 33

Midgut structures (jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon)

Front 34

Inferior mesenteric artery - supplies?

Back 34

Hindgut structures (left colic flexure region of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon)

Front 35

Abdominal vs. draining directly into IVC or Azygos v.

Back 35

Inferior phrenic vs.

Suprarenal vs.

Renal vs.

Gonadal vs.

Lumbar vs.

Front 36

Abdominal vs. draining into portal v.

Back 36

Superior mesenteric v.

Inferior mesenteric v.

Splenic v.

Left gastric v.

Front 37

Function of right, middle, and left hepatic vs.

Back 37

Return processed blood from liver to systemic circulation at IVC

Front 38

Portal-Systemic anastomoses

Back 38

Esophageal veins & azygos (systemic) <> left gastric vein (portal)

Superior rectal vein (portal) <> middle/inferior rectal veins (systemic)

Paraumbilical veins (portal) <> superficial epigastric veins (systemic)

Front 39

Four parts of the stomach

Back 39

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Pyloric part (antrum & canal)

Front 40

Pyloric sphincter

Back 40

Muscular ring that closes pyloric orifice (opening into duodenum)

Front 41

Blood supply to stomach - lesser curvature

Back 41

Left gastric a. (from celiac trunk)

Right gastric a. (from proper hepatic a.)

Front 42

Blood supply to stomach - greater curvature

Back 42

Left gastroepiploic a. - from spenlic a.

Right gastroepiploic a. - from gastroduodenal a.

Front 43

Spleen - Relationship

Back 43

Lateral to stomach, anterior to left kidney

Front 44

Spleen - blood supply

Back 44

Splenic a. (branch off celiac trunk)

Front 45

Attachments of spleen

Back 45

To stomach via gastrosplenic ligament

To posterior abdominal wall via splenorenal ligament