A & P Ii Exam 2

Front 1

Respiration in the respiratory system

Back 1

Pulmonary ventilation movement of air in and out of the lungs.

External respiration O2 and CO2 exchange between the lungs and the blood

Front 2

Respiration and the circulatory system

Back 2

Transport O2 and CO2 in the blood

Irenternal respiration O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues

Front 3

Respiratory Zone

Back 3

Site of gas exchange

Front 4

Conducting zone

Back 4

Conduits to gas exchange sites

Front 5

Fxs of the Nose

Back 5

Moistens and warms the entering air. Filters and cleans inspired air

Front 6

Nasal cavity and respiratory mucosa

Back 6

Cilia move contaminated mucus posterior ky to throat

Front 7

fxs of Larnyx

Back 7

Provide a patent airway

Routes air and food into proper channels

Voice production

Front 8

Larnyx

Back 8

Vocal ligaments(true vocal chords)

form core of vocal folds that vibrate to produce Sind as air rushes up from lungs

Vestibular folds(false vocal chords)

No part in sound production help to close the glottis during swallowing

Front 9

Voice production

Back 9

Speech intermittent release of expired air while opening and closing glottis

Pitch is determined by the length and tension of vocal chords

Loudness depends upon the force of air

Front 10

Conducting zone structures

Back 10

trachea right and left main bronchi (right main bronchus is wider, shorter, and vertical than left.) terminal bronchioles are the smallest less than .5mm diameter

Front 11

Respiratory

Back 11

300 million alveoli account for most of the kings volume and are the main site for gas exchange

Front 12

Respiratory membrane

Back 12

Alveolar Andy capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Type II cuboid use cells secrete surfactant and antimicrobial proteins

Front 13

Lungs

Back 13

Left lung is smaller 2 lobes separated oblique fissure (cardiac notch of left lung)

Right lung 3 lobes separated by horizontal fissures

Front 14

Pleurae

Back 14

Parietal pleura on thoracic wall and superior face of diaphragm

Visceral pleura on external lung surface

Front 15

Pulmonary ventilation

Back 15

inspiration gases flow into lungs

Expiration gases exit the lungs

Depend on volume changes in the thoracic cavity

Front 16

Intrapulmonary pressure

Back 16

Pressure in the alveoli

Front 17

intrapleural pressure (Pip)

Back 17

Pressure in the plural cavity always a negative pressure

Negative pip caused by

Two inward forces promote lung collapse

One outward force tends to enlarge the lungs

Front 18

Pressure relationships

Back 18

If pip = Ppul lungs collapse

Transpolmonary pressure= Ppul-Pip> keeps airways open

Front 19

Bowles law

Back 19

The relationship between the pressure and volume of gas

Front 20

Inspiration

Back 20

Active process. Lungs are stretched and intrapulmonary volume increases and pressure drops

Front 21

Expiration

Back 21

Passive process intrapulmonary volume decreases Ppul rises

Front 22

3 factors that hinder air passage and pulmonary ventilation

Back 22

1. Airway resistance

2. Alveolar surface tension

3. Lung compliance

Front 23

Airway resistance

Back 23

Friction is the major non elastic source of resistance to gas flow

Front 24

Alveolar surface tension

Back 24

Attracts liquid molecules to one another at a gas-liquid interface