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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Respiratory System |
Major function- respiration - Supply body with O2 for cellular respiration; dispose of CO2 a waste product of cellular respiration - Its four processes involve both respiratory and circulatory systems Also functions in olfaction and speech |
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Processes of Respiration |
- Pulmonary ventilation ( breathing ): movement of air into and out of lungs (respiratory) - External respiratiom- O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and blood (Respiratory) -Transport: O2 and CO2 in blood ( circulatory) - Internal Respiration: O2 and CO2 exchange between systemic blood vessels and tissues ( Circulatory) |
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Respiratory System: Functional Anatomy |
- Major Organs - Nose, nasal cavity, and paranasal sinsuses -Pharynx - Larynx -Trachea - Bronchi and their branches - Lungs and alveoli |
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Functional Anatomy |
- Respiratory Zone - site of gas exchange a.) Microscopic structures- respiratory beonchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli - Conducting Zone- conduits to gas exchange sites a.) Includes all other respiratory structures, cleanses, warms, humidifies air - Diaphragm and other respiratory muscles promote ventilation |
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The Nose |
Functions: - Provides an airway for respiration - Moistens and warms entering air - Filters and cleans inspired air - Serves as resonating chamber for speech - Houses olfactory receptors Two regions- external nose and nasal cavity External nose- root, bridge, dorsum nasi and apex - Philtrum- shallow vertical groove inferior to apex - Nostrils ( nares )- bounded laterally by alae Nasal cavity- within and posterior to external nose - Divided by midline Nasal septum - Posterior nasal apertures ( chonchae) open into nasal pharynx - Roof0 ethmoid and Sphenoid bones - Floor- hard (bone) and soft palates ( muscles) |
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Nasal Cavity |
- Nasal vestibule- nasal cavity superior to nostrils a.) Vibrissae ( hairs ) filter coarse particles from inspired air - Rest of nasal cavity lined with mucous membranes a.) Olfactory mucosa b.) Respiratory mucosa - Respiratory mucosa a.) Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithlium b.) Mucous and serous secretions contian lysozyme and defensins c.) Cilia move contaminated mucus posteriorly to throat d.) Inspired air warmed by plexuses of capillaries and veins e.) Sensory nerve endings trigger sneezing Nasal conchae- superior, middle, and inferior a.) Protrude medially from lateral walls b.) Increase mucosal area c.) Enhance air turbulence Nasal Meatus a.) Groove inferior to each concha |
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Functions of the Nasal Mucosa and Conchae |
During inhalation, conchae and nasal mucosa - Filter, heat, and moisten air During exhalation these structures- reclaim heat and moisture |
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Paranasal Sinuses |
- In frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones - Lighten skull; secrete mucus; help warm and moisten air |
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Homeostatic Imbalance |
- Rhinitis - inflammation of nasal mucosa - Nasal mucosa continuous with mucosa of respiratory tract -spreads from nose to throat to chest - Spreads to tear ducts and paranasal causing - Blocked sinus passageways - air absorbed - vacuum - sinus headache |
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Pharynx |
- Muscular tube from base of skull to C6 |
