13.3 Vocab

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Annexation

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Legally adding land area to a city in the United States

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Blockbusting

Back 2

A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood

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Cityscapes

Back 3

urban landscape; similar to a landscape, yet of a city (cityscapes often show the city's skyline, which is the CBD)

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Council of government

Back 4

A cooperative agency consisting of representatives of local governments in a metropolitan area in the United States

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Invasion and succession

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A theoretical construct, setting out the sequence of competitive social actions by which a human group or social activity comes to occupy and dominate a territory, formerly dominated by another group or activity. See also CONCENTRIC ZONE THEORY

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Magacities

Back 6

a very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people.

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Neighborhood

Back 7

a district, especially one forming a community within a town or city.

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New urbanism

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New Urbanism is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.

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Peripheral model

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A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road

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Racial steering

Back 10

the practice in which real estate brokers guide prospective home buyers towards or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race. ... Advising customers to purchase homes in particular neighborhoods on the basis of race.

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Restrictive covenants

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a covenant imposing a restriction on the use of land so that the value and enjoyment of adjoining land will be preserved.

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Rush hour

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The four consecutive 15-minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic

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Segregation

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the enforced separation of different racial groups in a country, community, or establishment.

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Settlement form (neucleated)

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A nucleated settlement is a type of settlement pattern that features a close grouping of buildings. These buildings are often gathered around a central feature like a river or town square.

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Settlement form (dispersed)

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used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in England and other parts of the world. Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area.

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Settlement form (elongated)

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a settlement that is clustered linearly alnog a street, river, etc.

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Street pattern (grid)

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a type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid. The infrastructure cost for regular grid patterns is generally higher than for patterns with discontinuous streets.

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Street pattern (dendritic)

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characterized by fewer streets organized based on the amount of traffic each is intended to carry

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Street pattern (access)

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provides access to a subdivision, housing project, or highway

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Street pattern (control)

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allows highways or housing projects to be supervised

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Suburbanization

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a population shift from central urban areas into suburbs, resulting in the formation of (sub)urban sprawl

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Urban area

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A dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low-density land that links the dense suburbs with the core

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Urban growth rate

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the rate at which the population of an urban area increases. This result from urbanization which is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas.Urban growth may lead to a rise in the economic development of a country.

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Urban hearth area

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An area, like Mesopotamia or the Nile River Valley where large cities first existed.

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Urban heat island

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An urban heat island is an urban area or metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities.

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Urban hierarchy

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The Urban hierarchy ranks each city based on the size of population residing within the nationally defined statistical urban area.

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Urban hydrology

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a science, part of land hydrology investigating the hydrological. cycle, water regime and quality in urbanized territory.

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Urban morphology

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the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation. ... Analysis of specific settlements is usually undertaken using cartographic sources and the process of development is deduced from comparison of historic maps.

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Urbanization

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An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements

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Urbanized population

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The people living within urbanized areas, including central cities and surrounding jurisdictions

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World city

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a city which is a primary node in the global economic network.