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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cultural convergence |
the theory that two cultures will be more and more like each other as their interactions increase. Basically, the more that cultures interact, the more that their values, ideologies, behaviors, arts, and customs will start to reflect each other. |
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Cultural divergence |
Cultural divergence is the tendency for cultures to become dissimilar over time. |
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Development |
A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology |
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Developed country (MDC) |
A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development |
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Developing country (LDC) |
A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development |
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Expendable income |
the income that someone has available to spend or save after taxes have been taken out and they have paid for food and other basic needs |
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Gross national income (GNI) |
The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money that leaves and enters the country |
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Gross domestic product (GDP) |
The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (usually one year) |
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Gross national product (GNP) |
the total value of goods produced and services provided by a country during one year, equal to the gross domestic product plus the net income from foreign investments. |
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Human development index (HDI) |
An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, that is based on income, literacy, education, and life expectancy |
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Inequality adjusted HDI (IHDI) |
combines a country's average achievements in health, education and income with how those achievements are distributed among country's population by “discounting” each dimension's average value according to its level of inequality. |
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Levels of development |
As a basic premise the LOD specifications acknowledges the different phases for lifecycle BIM, and help specify the needs at every stage. |
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Literacy rate |
The percentage of a country's people who can read and write |
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Measures of development |
Usually a numerical measure of quality of life in a country. Indicators are used to illustrate progress of a country in meeting a range of economic, social, and environmental goals. |
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Optimistic viewpoint |
disposed to take a favorable view of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome. reflecting a favorable view of events and conditions and the expectation of a positive outcome |
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Pessimistic viewpoint |
a mental attitude in which an undesirable outcome is anticipated from a given situation. Pessimists tend to focus on the negatives of life in general. ... Throughout history, the pessimistic disposition has had effects on all major areas of thinking. |
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Physical quality of life index |
The Physical Quality of Life Index is an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. The value is the average of three statistics: basic literacy rate, infant mortality, and life expectancy at age one, all equally weighted on a 0 to 100 scale |
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Primary sector |
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry |
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Productivity |
The value of a specific product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it |
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Purchasing power parity |
The amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country; PPP adjusts income figures to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods |
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Secondary sector |
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials |
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Technology gap |
The difference between people who use computers and mobile devices on a daily basis and those who do not. Also known as the "digital divide" or "app gap." |
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Technology transfer |
the transfer of new technology from the originator to a secondary user, especially from developed to less developed countries in an attempt to boost their economies. |
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Tertiary sector |
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people, in exchange for payment |
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Value added |
The gross value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy |
