10.3 Vocab

Front 1

Agribusiness

Back 1

Commercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations

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Chaff

Back 2

Husks of grain separated from the seed by threshing

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Combine

Back 3

A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field

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Crop rotation

Back 4

The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year to avoid exhausting the soil

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Cultivation regions

Back 5

an area suited by climate and soil conditions to the cultivation of a certain type of crop or plant group.

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Dairying

Back 6

the business of producing, storing, and distributing milk and its products

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Double cropping

Back 7

Harvesting twice a year from the same field

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Extensive subsistence agriculture

Back 8

refers to an agricultural technique where a vast expanse of land is cultivated to yield minimal output of crops and animals for the primary consumption of the grower's family.

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Shifting cultivation

Back 9

a form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.

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Slash-and-burn

Back 10

another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.

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Swidden

Back 11

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

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Nomadic herding/pastorialism

Back 12

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

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Extractive industry

Back 13

Any processes that involve the extraction of raw materials from the earth to be used by consumers.

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Forestry

Back 14

the science or practice of planting, managing, and caring for forests.

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Horticulture

Back 15

The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers

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Hull

Back 16

The outer covering of a seed

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Intensive subsistence agriculture

Back 17

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.

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Intertillage

Back 18

In agriculture, tillage or cultivation between plants (as corn and potatoes), in contrast to tillage of the entire surface when no growing crop is on it.

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Livestock ranching

Back 19

Ranching is the practice of raising herds of animals on large tracts of land.

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Market gardening

Back 20

A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants.

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Mediterranean agriculture

Back 21

Farmers derive a smaller percentage of income from animal products than in the mixed crop and livestock region.

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Milkshed

Back 22

The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied

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Mineral fuels

Back 23

A fossil fuel is a fuel formed by natural processes

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Mining

Back 24

the process or industry of obtaining coal or other minerals from a mine

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Paddy

Back 25

The Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah

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Pastoral nomadism

Back 26

A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals

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Pasture

Back 27

Grass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing

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Plantation agriculture

Back 28

A large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale

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Reaper

Back 29

A machine that cuts cereal grain standing in a field

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Renewalble/nonrenewable

Back 30

Renewable (of a natural resource or source of energy) not depleted when used. A nonrenewable resource is a resource of economic value that cannot be readily replaced by natural means on a level equal to its consumption.

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Staple grains

Back 31

A staple food, food staple, or simply a staple, is a food that is eaten routinely and in such quantities that it constitutes a dominant portion of a standard diet for a given people, supplying a large fraction of energy needs and generally forming a significant proportion of the intake of other nutrients as well.

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Transhumecence

Back 32

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

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Truck farm

Back 33

Commerical gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a middle English word meaning bartering or exchange of commodities

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Sawah

Back 34

A flooded field for growing rice

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Spring wheat

Back 35

Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer

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Thresh

Back 36

To beat out grain from stalks

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Wet rice

Back 37

Rice planted on dry land in the nursery and then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth

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Winnow

Back 38

To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

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Winter wheat

Back 39

Wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer