The Age of Reform

Inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, which began during the 16th century, certain monarchs chose to adopt certain aspects of the ideology of the Enlightenment. These aspects were mostly found in areas such as legal, social, and educational reforms. These monarchs took on the name “enlightened despots”, an example of these despots being Frederick the Great of Prussia and Joseph II of the Holy Roman Empire. However, despite being dubbed “enlightened”, Frederick and Joseph only enacted enlightened…

market reform policies propelling the nation into a period of rapid economic growth, rising GDP (gross domestic product), and in turn classifying the nation among the largest economic powers. Yet, despite these apparent successes India still struggles with deeply rooted inequality and extreme levels of poverty that threaten the notion and triumphs of free trade—a policy in which countries can trade with other nations without the installment of government quotas or restrictions. In The Age of…

Light or Dark Ages? The Middle Ages of Medieval Europe is well known for being called the “Dark Ages”. Why? Diseases, invasions, and continuous wars contributed to the “dark” nickname that the Middle Ages have become known for. The fall of Rome during 400 A.D. to 500 A.D. led to the Middle Ages. When Rome fell, Europe was thrown into much disorder and chaos therefore leading to the nickname of the “Dark Ages”. Some people wonder if the Middle Ages deserve to be called the “Dark Ages” or not. The…

cells. The insane wandered around the asylums and were not cared for properly. Reformers wanted to establish an official institution for the insane and criminals that was humane. They believed that reform and rehabilitation was possible in a controlled environment. As part of the humanitarian reforms sweeping through America, asylums and prisons were for criminals and the mentally ill. The emphasis on human perfectibility led some reformers to provide care for the physically and mentally ill.…

these social issues including Howard Zinn himself. He saw the problem as being started as capitalism itself. Zinn said “that they could not count on the national government. True, this was the “progressive period” the start of the age of reform; but it was a reluctant reform, aimed at quieting the popular risings, not making fundamental changes. (In a people’s history…

The Ottoman Empire was powerful and perfect till the sixteenth century because they used the diversity or the multiculturalism in the Empire, and they had many benefits from it. The European countries were in the Dark Ages, and they were governed poorly while the Ottoman Empire was governed perfectly in the International System. But, after 16th century, something happened to the Ottoman Sultans because both the Sultans and the Grand Viziers began to misbehave and think about their benefits, so…

required to join labor unions. As businesses enticed workers and discouraged unionizing, organized labor suffered as “overall union membership fell between 1920 and 1929” (Martínez-Matsuda 6 October 2015). Despite some government support in political reform, effective labor organizing…

Forum Eight Judicial Tenure Why fix something that is not broken? Some Americans claim judicial life tenure is essentially flawed, resulting in Justices that have longer tenures and remain on at later ages than ever before in history. Several proposals have been made to rectify this feeling people have toward a seemingly flawed undemocratic judicial system. As interestingly as alternative judicial tenures seem, the flaw is not enough to make a change and the changes will not make any…

the 1920s, the government had little control over business, the change brought in the 1930s which put government into everything caused great opposition. President Roosevelt’s reforms challenged recent practices, causing criticism from business leaders, the Left, and radicals (Roark, et al. 729). Initial industrial reforms made by the New Dealers included the formation of the National Recovery Administration, which produced voluntary codes for industrialists to follow. The government…

who are living in poverty do not have to worry about whether they can afford healthcare. Those who make less than $68,336 a year automatically receive benefits through SHI (Clarke & Bidgood, 2013). Premiums are based on financial ability rather than age, gender or certain health risks (Rychlik, Guntertgomann, Kilburg, & Frazier, 2000). Low-income households are only required to pay 1% of their income out-of-pocket compared to the 2% that other households are required (DiPiero, 2004). In…