The Ottoman Empire was powerful and perfect till the sixteenth century because they used the diversity or the multiculturalism in the Empire, and they had many benefits from it. The European countries were in the Dark Ages, and they were governed poorly while the Ottoman Empire was governed perfectly in the International System. But, after 16th century, something happened to the Ottoman Sultans because both the Sultans and the Grand Viziers began to misbehave and think about their benefits, so they suddenly forgot to apply the diversity and tolerance system in the Empire because there were plenty of ethnic and religious groups in the Empire. This time, the Sultans and the Grand Viziers began to apply the Islamic rules strictly in the entire
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“Raghib reorganized its arsenal, created a foundry for cannon, formed a corps of bridge builders, and started to construct new warships.” Also, Raghib Pasha founded the modern schools, such as “naval training, mathematics and engineering.” “He reorganized the administration, sought to restore order to the Empire’s finances, suppressed brigandage in Anatolia.” During Abdul Hamid I, “he found a treasury so depleted that he would not pay to the Janissaries the donative customary at the start of each reign.” His “ministers had ruled over an empire, exhausted by war, which for some thirteen years was to be relieved by a spell of relative peace.” After Abdul Hamid I, Selim III became a sultan. Kinross describes him that “Selim was a young man of energy and vision, bent on the salvation and reform of his country.” He founded “Nizam-I Jedid, or “The New Order” after the conclusion of peace with Russia.” But, “the New Order, acting on its various reports and memorials, had started to tackle problems of social and economic reform.” Overall, the reforms between 1754 and 1808 were not successful because of a lack of supports from the Sultans and the Grand Viziers, a lack of technology, which could not compete with the European countries, not being inspired from the French revolution, and the negative effects of the Islamic rules and
“Raghib reorganized its arsenal, created a foundry for cannon, formed a corps of bridge builders, and started to construct new warships.” Also, Raghib Pasha founded the modern schools, such as “naval training, mathematics and engineering.” “He reorganized the administration, sought to restore order to the Empire’s finances, suppressed brigandage in Anatolia.” During Abdul Hamid I, “he found a treasury so depleted that he would not pay to the Janissaries the donative customary at the start of each reign.” His “ministers had ruled over an empire, exhausted by war, which for some thirteen years was to be relieved by a spell of relative peace.” After Abdul Hamid I, Selim III became a sultan. Kinross describes him that “Selim was a young man of energy and vision, bent on the salvation and reform of his country.” He founded “Nizam-I Jedid, or “The New Order” after the conclusion of peace with Russia.” But, “the New Order, acting on its various reports and memorials, had started to tackle problems of social and economic reform.” Overall, the reforms between 1754 and 1808 were not successful because of a lack of supports from the Sultans and the Grand Viziers, a lack of technology, which could not compete with the European countries, not being inspired from the French revolution, and the negative effects of the Islamic rules and