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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Phylum Porifera
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the sponges, marine animals consisting of loosely organized cells
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Radial symmetry
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infinite division, "asymmetrical"
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Sessile
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non-moving
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Pinacocytes
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thin, flat cells that line the outer surface of a sponge, may be mildly contractive / contraction may change the shape of some sponges
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Choanocytes
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"funnel + cell" / below the mesohyl/mesoglea layer / flagellated cells that have a collarlike ring of microvilli surrounding a flagellum / creates water currents through the sponge with flagellum
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Mesoglea/Mesohyl
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"middle matter" / just below the pinacocyte layer / jellylike layer
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Ostia
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little openings in the side of the tube of sponge / water comes through this area / the outer openings of porocytes and lead directly to a chamber called the spongocoel
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Osculum
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the big hole on the top of a sponge where water is pushed out
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spongocoel
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the middle chamber of a sponge that ostia lead to /
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ascon sponge body form
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the simplest and least common sponge body form / vaselike body form / tear drop shape
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sycon sponge body form
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sponge body form where the sponge wall appears folded / looks like it has folded layers / wrinkly
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leucon sponge body form
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sponge body form where the sponge has an extensively branched canal system / water moves through ostia and through canals and then to choanocyte-lined chambers / NO SPONGOCOEL / MULTIPLE OSCULUM
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spicules
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microscopic needlelike spikes that make up a sponge skelton and support sponge / formed by amoeboid cells / made up of calcium carbonate or silca
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spongin
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an alternative sponge skeleton / made of fibrous protein made of collagen /commercial sponges are these
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monoecious
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Most sponges are what type of reproductive system?
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monoecious
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both sexes occur in the same individual
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sponge reproduction
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sponges do not usually self-fertilize because individual sponges produce eggs and sperm at different times
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sponge reproduction
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Sperm and eggs are released from sponge oscula
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sponge reproduction
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sperm cells exit one sponge through the osculum and enter another songe with the incurrent water
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cross fertilization
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sponges fertilize by releasing sperm and eggs and the mix in water
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asexual budding
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some sponges bud
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dioecious
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means that an individual is only male or female
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Phylum Cnidaria
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hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals / they are radially symmetric or biradial symmetric
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biradial symmetry
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modification of radial symmetry in which a single plane, passing through a central axis, divides the animal into mirror images
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radially symmetrical animals
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have no anterior or posterior ends / terms of direction on based on the position of the mouth opening
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polyp cndarian body form
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mouth is directed up / don't move much / they can slide / usually asexual and sessile / mouth covered with food-gathering tentacles
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medusa cndarian body form
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mouth, tenacles directed downward / shaped like an inverted bowl / tentacles dangle / DIOECIOUS / free swimming / mesoglea is more abundant in medusa than in polyp giving jellylike consistency
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epidermis
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the outer layer of the body wall
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gastrodermis
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the inner layer of the body wall
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mesoglea
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jellylike middle layer between epidermis and gastrodermis /
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GVC (gastrovascular cavity)
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cavity that lines the gastrodermis of all cnidarians / functions in digestion, exchange of respiratory gases and metabolic wastes, and discharge of gametes / things enter through mouth to GVC
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cnidocytes
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epidermal and gastrodermal cells in cnidarians that produce structures called cnidae which are used for attachment, defense, and feeding
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cnida
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fluid-filled, intracellular capsule enclosing a coiled, hollow tube / some are nematocysts which on jellyfish tentacles for stinging
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cnidarian reproduction
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asexual by budding / mostly sexual - dioecious / sperm and eggs may be released into GVC or to the outside of body
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planula
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embryo of cnidarian elongates to form these ciliated, free-swimming larva / they attach to a sustrate and a young polyp develops
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hydra
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class of small, relatively common cnidarians / vast majority are marine / "jellyfish"
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