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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cause & Consequence |
Definition: Cause and consequence is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or others. |
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Historical Perspective |
Definition: A point of view of a subject. |
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Historical Significance |
Definition: Historical significance is the process used the evaluate what was the significant about selected event, people, and developments in the past that had an impact towards to future. |
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Primary Sources |
Definition: A primary source is a document or a physical object that was written or created during the time under study. EX. Anne Franks Diary |
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Secondary Sources |
Definition: Secondary sources are account written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. They are interpretations and evaluations of primary sources. |
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Beringia; Land Bridge |
Over 100,000 years ago, Asia was locked in an ice age and as the ice spread, the water level decrease. Due to the water level decreasing, whole new lands appeared out of the water and one of them was 100 miles long, between Asia and America. This caused the Land Bridge. First the bridge was crossed by animals to find better pastures. Next, from the far east in Asia, people had already migrated to this land bridge and started to cross it. Eventually, temperatures rose, glaciers melted, the sea levels rose and the land bridge disappeared. The landbridge was part of a larger unglaciated are called Beringia. |
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First Nations |
Definition: The First Nations are the various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. |
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Métis |
Who: Métis are people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry. They originated largely in Western Canada and emerged as a political force in the 19th century, radiating outwards from the Red River Settlement. When: The first Métis people were born in Eastern Canada as early as the 1600s. However, it was the Red River region, in present day Manitoba, where the Métis Nation was really first established. Where: The first Métis communities appeared in Ontario, particularly around the Great Lakes, and Eastern Canada. As the fur trade moved west, so did the French-Canadian fur traders. Why: The Métis are a distinct group of Canadian people who developed a unique culture that grew out of Canada's fur trade heritage French Canadian fur traders married and cohabited with Native women. |
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Wendat |
Who: The wendat people are indigenous peoples of North America. They were a society of skilled traders and farmers. |
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Algonquin |
Who: The Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread North American native language groups. Where: The Algonquins are original natives of southern Quebec and eastern Ontario. Today they live in Quebec and Ontario. Why: They originally lived in the present-day United States, but were forced away from their homeland when the Iroquois League formed and took over the area. |
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Indigenous |
Who: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian inhabitants of North and South America. When: Indigenous peoples earliest migration via Beringia Land Bridge took place at least 100, 000 years ago. Where: These early Paleo-Indians spread throughout the Americas, diversifying into many hundreds of culturally distinct nations and tribes. Why: The people from Asia migrated to North America because their enemies were attacking them and their land. The Land Bridge was their way of getting away from the enemies and fortunately it worked. |
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Nomadic & Sedentary
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Nomadic: A nomad is someone who lives by traveling from place to place. Ex. Hunting & Gathering Tribes Sedentary: A sedentary person is one who stay stationary in their location Ex. Majority of Western population |
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Foraging & Farming |
Foraging: The acquisition of food by hunting, fishing or the gathering of plant mater. Farming: The business of operating a farm. |
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Cultural Genocide |
Definition: Cultural genocide is a term used to describe the deliberate destruction of the cultural heritage of people or a nation for political, military, religious, ideological, ethnic, or racial reasons. |
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Cultural Imperialism |
Definition: Cultural Imperialism is the sum of the process by which a society is brought into the modern world system. |
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Cultural Borrowing |
Definition: Cultural borrowing is taking ideas and practices from another culture, ethnic group or religion and introducing it into your culture. |
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Seigneurial System |
Definition: The seigneurial system was an institutional form of land distribution established in New France in 1627 and officially abolished in 1854. Historical Perspective: - The system gave peasants a home and a job - The Seigneurs were people who owned the land (Wealthy) - It was not a money economy - Rent was payed with crops Historical Significance: - Windsor, Ontario still uses this method - The lands were/are always perpendicular to the river for equal water access |
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Filled De Roi - King's Daughters 1663 - 1673 (10 years) |
Definition: The filles du roi, or King's Daughters, were 770 women who arrived in the colony of New France (Canada) between 1663 and 1673, under the financial sponsorship of King Louis XIV Historical Perspective: - Women and girls were sent over from France, for the repopulation of New France - There were not enough French women for the men to marry Historical Significance: - Many people in Quebec can trace back their ancestors to the Filles De Roi |
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Les Habitants |
Definition: A French settler, or a descendant of one, especially a farmer. Historical Perspective: - They were independent land renter - They grow and farm to sustain family life - They came to New France for more opportunities (Barter System) - Subsistence farmers Land is repossessed if food growth requirements are not met - peasants Historical Significance: - Pea soup - Tarte as beurre - Tortiere - Montreal Canadians Hockey Team - The Habs - Les Habitants |
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Coureurs de bois |
Historical Perspective: - Freelance traders without a permit - singular + pairs - Trade for fur - Collect and sell by themselves |
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Voyagers |
- Licensed traders - Big groups - Trade for fur from Montreal and are payed Historical Significance: - The Métis were the children of the French & Natives who developed into their own culture - Métis tribes still exist now in Midland rural areas - The Manitoba Hudson Bay Company originated from the Métis - Couriers de bois and voyagers |
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Jesuit Fathers |
Historical Perspective: - They spread the word of god and christian faith the the Natives - Priests who were a part of a society that spread Christianity Historical Significance: - Jesuits affected North America dramatically because the Natives had not heard of Christianity, but now most of Quebec believes in the Christian Faith. |
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Ursaline Nuns |
Historical Perspective: - Teach and educate girls about Christianity (catholic) and normal subjects. - They help particularly the sick in hospital and the poor Historical Significance: - There are still Ursaline nuns today in Quebec and there is a covent with 400 girls at the school |
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Inuit |
Who: The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. When: Over 100,00 years ago The Inuit Peoples came to Canada by a Land Bridge. |
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Aboriginal |
Who: Aboriginal peoples: First Nations Métis and Inuit. These are three distinct peoples with unique histories, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs. |
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Iroquois |
Who: The Iroquois tribes lived in the Eastern Woodlands region. They were expert farmers and lived on the resources of the woods. Historical Perspective:For many years, the Iroquois tribes fought with each other and the Algonkins. In the beginning, they fought over land for hunting. Samuel de Champlain and the Algonquin's attacked the Iroquois in 1609. The Iroquois became allies of the English. In 1650 the Iroquois attacked and dispersed the Huron's throughout Ontario. Historical Significance: Iroquois Tribes are still around today. Large numbers of Iroquois are in the United States. |
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Huronia |
The Hurons were so-named by the French settlers and missionaries who first interacted with them. The Hurons refer to themselves as the Wendat nation. After long conflict with the Iroquois, the Wendat were almost exterminated by the Iroquois. |
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Samuel De Champlain |
Who: Samuel de Champlain, "The Father of New France", was a French navigator. He founded New France and Quebec City. Historical Perspective: In Spring 1609, Champlain gathered with 9 French soldiers and 300 Natives. Together they paddled the Richelieu River south where Champlain named Lake Champlain. Champlain ambushed the Iroquois who ran away at the noise only to discuss a strategy in council. By the time they returned to attack it was likely that Champlain and his group were well on their way back to Quebec. Nonetheless, it is apparent that Champlain became a great warrior and trusted ally to the northern Natives. |
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Mer Deuce |
History of Mer Duece: The first European visitors to the region, often referred to Lake Huron as La Mer Douce. First paddled by Native Americans, and then voyageurs, traders and missionaries in the late 1600s with the start of the fur trade, Lake Huron became a vital shipping route. |
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Hochelaga |
What: Hochelaga was a St. Lawrence Iroquoian 16th century fortified village in the immediate vicinity of Mount Royal in present-day Montreal. Historical Significance: Today, the term Hochelaga also refers to a group of 234 islands located at the confluence of the St Lawrence and the Ottawa rivers. |
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Carrying Place |
What: Carrying Place is a community that serves as the gateway to Prince Edward County. It was named for its location on the portage between the Bay of Quinte and Weller's Bay. Historical Perspective & Significance: In 1787 the Gunshot Treaty was signed at Carrying Place. Before the arrival of Europeans, Natives portaged the nine mile stretch and gave the place its name. |
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Lac du Frontenac |
Historical Perspective & Significance: Ontario derives its name from the Iroquois, which inhabited the area around the lake until about 1700. The lake was a border between the Huron and their vassals and the Iroquois Confederacy in pre-European times. |
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New France |
New France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Spain and Great Britain in 1763. |
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Martyrdom |
Definition: The death or suffering of a martyr. A display of feigned or exaggerated suffering to obtain sympathy or admiration. |
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Francophones Across Canada |
French is the mother tongue of about 7.3 million Canadians. About 80% of Quebec's population are native francophones, and 95% of the population speak French as their first or second language. |
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Seven Years War |
The Seven Years' War in Canada. The peace treaty that resolved it was signed in 1763. |
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Acadians & Cajuns |
The Acadians are the descendants of French colonists who settled in Acadia during the 17th and 18th centuries. The colony was located in what is now Eastern Canada's Maritime provinces as well as Quebec. Although today most of the Acadians and Québécois are French speaking francophones. |
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Expulsion & Deportment |
Expulsion: The act of driving out or expelling Deportment: A person's behavior or manners. |
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Ethnic Cleansing |
Definition: The mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society. |
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Battle of the Plains of Abraham |
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham (13 September 1759) was a pivotal moment in the Seven Years’ War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. Aftermath: Soon after the battle, the British navy was forced to leave the St. Lawrence River before ice closed the mouth of the river. The British at Québec were therefore isolated over the winter, and many suffered from scurvy. |
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Wolfe & Montcalm |
After a long siege Wolfe defeated a French force under Louis-Joseph de Montcalm allowing British forces to capture the city. Wolfe was killed at the height of the Battle of the Plains of Abraham due to injuries from three musket balls. |
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Besiege & Capitulation |
Besiege: To surround city or building with soldiers and try to take control of it Capitulation: To capitulate is to surrender or give in to all demands. |
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Proclamation of 1763 & Quebec Act, 1774 |
The Royal Proclamation was initially issued by King George III in 1763 to officially claim British territory in North America after Britain won the Seven Years War. In the Royal Proclamation, ownership over North America is issued to King George. Kind George wanted to covert the French to British civil law and juries, Protestant religion, Townships, English Language To resolve this the British came out with the Quebec Act of 1774 which recognized the right of the French in Quebec to remain French with French civil law, Catholicism, French speaking language and The Seigneurial System. |
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Thirteen Colonies |
What: The Thirteen Colonies, as of 1775, were British colonies on the east coast of North America which had been founded between 1607 and 1732, stretching from New England to the northern border of the Floridas. |
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American Revolutionary War |
What: The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) was one of the most important wars in the history of the world. It was fought between the Kingdom of Great Britain vs thirteen British colonies on the North American continent. The 13 colonies were fighting for liberty, free press, right of speech, lower taxes, and many other rights. The American rebels or revolutionaries fought against the far superior British forces for 8 years and eventually they defeated them. Historical Significance: - It established the United States of America as an independant nation. |
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UELS |
United Empire Loyalists United Empire Loyalists are Loyalists who resettled in British North America during or after the American Revolution. |
