World History Chapter 7-8 Vocabulary

Front 1

Clovis

Back 1

Warrior king of the Franks

Front 2

Medieval

Back 2

Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history between ancient and modern times

Front 3

Franks

Back 3

The Germanic tribes that conquered parts of the Roman empire

Front 4

Charles Martel

Back 4

Rallied Frankish warriors to overcome the Muslim army

Front 5

Battle of Tours

Back 5

The battle where the Christians overcame the Muslims, led by Charles Martel

Front 6

Charlemagne

Back 6

Grandson of Charles Martel, king of the Franks, also known as Charles the Great

Front 7

Magyars

Back 7

Ethnic group centered in present-day Hungary

Front 8

Vikings

Back 8

Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s

Front 9

Feudalism

Back 9

Loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords

Front 10

Vassals

Back 10

Lesser lords that pledged service and loyalty to the greater lord

Front 11

Feudal Contract

Back 11

The political and economic relationship between lords and vassals based off of an exchange of land for loyalty and military service

Front 12

Fief

Back 12

An estate a powerful lord gave to his vassal

Front 13

Knight

Back 13

A mounted warrior

Front 14

Tournaments

Back 14

Mock battles engaged by knights

Front 15

Chivalry

Back 15

Code of conduct

Front 16

Troubadours

Back 16

Wandering musicians that sang about the brave deeds of knights and their devotion to their lady loves

Front 17

Manor

Back 17

The lord's estate, which was the heart of the feudal economy

Front 18

Sefs

Back 18

Peasants that bound the lord's land

Front 19

Sacrament

Back 19

The sacred rites of the Church

Front 20

Benedictine Rule

Back 20

Rules that regulated the monastic life, which was used by monasteries and convents across Europe

Front 21

Secular

Back 21

To be worldly

Front 22

Papal Supremacy

Back 22

Authority over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors

Front 23

Canon Law

Back 23

The Church's own developed body of laws

Front 24

Excommunication

Back 24

Could not receive the sacraments or a Christian burial, which condemned them to hell for eternity

Front 25

Interdict

Back 25

An order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial

Front 26

Friars

Back 26

Monks who did not live in isolated monasteries

Front 27

St. Francis of Assisi

Back 27

An Italian wealthy man who founded the first order of the friars

Front 28

Charter

Back 28

A written document that set out the rights and privileges of the town

Front 29

Partnerships

Back 29

Groups of merchants joined together

Front 30

Tenant Farmers

Back 30

Paid rent for their farmland

Front 31

Middle Class

Back 31

The class ranked between nobles and peasants

Front 32

Guilds

Back 32

Associations formed by merchants and artisans

Front 33

Apprentice

Back 33

Trainee

Front 34

Journeymen

Back 34

Salaried workers

Front 35

William the Conqueror

Back 35

Became the king of England on Christmas Day 1066 by beating Harold

Front 36

Common Law

Back 36

A legal system based on custom and court rulings

Front 37

King John

Back 37

Son of Henry II

Front 38

Magna Carta

Back 38

Great charter, contained two important ideas that would shape English government in the future

Front 39

Due Process of Law

Back 39

By legal judgment of his peers or by the law of the land

Front 40

Habeas Corpus

Back 40

The principle that no person can be held in prison without being charged with a specific crime

Front 41

Parliament

Back 41

Became England's legislature made up of English rulers which were also known as the Great Council

Front 42

Louis IX

Back 42

King of France who persecuted heretics for his strong religious beliefs

Front 43

Holy Roman Empire

Back 43

Ruled lands from Germany to Italy

Front 44

Henry IV

Back 44

King of Germany and later became Holy Roman emperor

Front 45

Gregory VII

Back 45

Pope at the time Henry IV was on the throne as emperor

Front 46

Lay Investiture

Back 46

The emperor or another lay person invested, or presented, bishops with the ring and staff that symbolized their offices

Front 47

Frederick Barbarossa

Back 47

Red Beard, dreamed of building an empire from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea

Front 48

Pope Innocent III

Back 48

Took office in 1198, claimed supremacy over all rulers

Front 49

Crusades

Back 49

Religious wars between the Muslims and the Christians

Front 50

Holy Land

Back 50

Contained of Jerusalem and other places in Palestine where Christians believe Jesus lived and preached

Front 51

Pope Urban II

Back 51

Declared war on the Islamic people to claim the Holy Land for themselves

Front 52

Reconquista

Back 52

Reconquest, the campaign to drive the Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula

Front 53

Ferdinand and Isabella

Back 53

Made a final push against the Muslim strong hold of Granada, which was successful, which made the Reconquista complete

Front 54

Inquisition

Back 54

A Church court set up to try people accused of heresy