World History: Chapter 11

Front 1

Grand Canal

Back 1

The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.


It linked the two rivers together making it easier and was a source of water.

Front 2

Tang Empire

Back 2

Empire unifying China and part of Central Asia, founded 618 and ended 907. The Tang emperors presided over a magnificent court at their capital, Chang'an.


It unified China and part of Central Asia, making them more interdependent.

Front 3

Li Shimin

Back 3

One of the founders of the Tang Empire and its second emperor (r. 626-649). He led the expansion of the empire into Central Asia.

He was one of the rulers and expanded the empire into Central Asia making it larger and more powerful.

Front 4

tributuary system

Back 4

A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China in exchange for trading rights or strategic alliances.


This system allowed countries to trade items allowing them to get different items in return.

Front 5

bubonic plague

Back 5

A bacterial disease of fleas that can be transmitted by flea bites to rodents and humans; humans in late stages of the illness can spread the bacteria by coughing. Because of its very high mortality rate and the difficulty of preventing its spread, major outbreaks have created crises in many parts of the world in many countries. (aka. Black Death)


This disease caused a large portion of the population to die because of its strengths and rapid effects.

Front 6

Uigurs

Back 6

A group of Turkic-speakers who controlled their own centralized empire from 744 to 840 in Mongolia and Central Asia.


They controlled their empire making them determine their future and affect other empires around them.

Front 7

Song Empire

Back 7

Empire in central and southern China (960-1126) while the Liao people controlled the north. Empire in southern China (1127-1279; the "Southern Song") while the Jin people controlled the north. Distinguished for its advances in technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics.


They discovered new things in the fields of technology, medicine, astronomy, and mathematics that affects us today.

Front 8

junk

Back 8

A very large flatbottom sailing ship produced in the Tang and Song Empires, specially designed for long-distance commercial travel.


This ship made commercial travel easier allowing people to get from place to place.

Front 9

gunpowder

Back 9

A mixture of saltpeter, sulfur, and charcoal, in various proportions. The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.


It helped people in war kill people easier in order to win the war and conquer more lands.

Front 10

Zen

Back 10

The Japanese word for a branch of Mahayana Buddhism based on highly disciplined meditation. It is known in Sanskrit as dhyana, in Chinese as chan, and in Korean as son.


It is a branch of Buddhism which is the religion of many people of the past and many people today.

Front 11

shamanism

Back 11

The practice of identifying special individuals (shamans) who will interact with spirits for the benefit of the community. Characteristic of the Korean kingdoms of the early medieval period and of early societies of Central Asia.


It benefited the community by identifying people to interact with the spirits.

Front 12

Koryo

Back 12

Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259.


It was a kingdom in which people lived and worked.

Front 13

movable type

Back 13

Type in which each individual character is cast on a separate piece of metal. It replaced woodblock printing, allowing for the arrangement of individual letters and other characters on a page, rather than requiring the carving of entire pages at a time. It may have been invented in Korea in the thirteenth century.


This made it easier to distribute/announce information to the public.

Front 14

Kamakura shogunate

Back 14

The first of Japan's decentralized military governments.


It was a military government so it ruled over/controlled people.

Front 15

Champa rice

Back 15

Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state.


This rice allowed for quicker rice production so people could eat and sell/trade it.