World History 20 Key-Terms For First Midterm

Front 1

New Imperialism

Back 1

Period of European empire from roughly 1875-1945

Hint 1

New Imperialists included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, the United States, and Japan.

Front 2

Integrated World Economy

Back 2

One part of the world affected another financially

Hint 2

Raw materials and industrial goods, resources and markets

Front 3

Competition among imperialist powers

Back 3

Competition for resources and markets led to a kind of colonial arms race

Front 4

Crime Against Humanity

Back 4

Atrocities which, while maybe technically legal in their own jurisdiction, were unforgivable acts of violent barbarianism, regardless

Hint 4

A term coined by African-American journalist George Washington Williams to explain

the conditions of the Congo under the tyrannical and oppressive rule of King Leopold 2 of Belgium.

Front 5

World War

Back 5

War defined by its global impact, as well as its global participation

Front 6

Nationalism

Back 6

Pride in ones' nation, often to an extent which encouraged empire

Hint 6

Both imperialists and fascists were nationalistic, to different extents.

Front 7

Balance of Power

Back 7

The notion that if both sides were well-equipped to battle, proving sufficient threats to each other, they wouldn't fight

Hint 7

Think about the Right-Wing rhetoric for looser gun rights.

Front 8

Central Powers & Allied Powers

Back 8

The major alliances that fought each other in World War 1

Hint 8

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey
Allied Powers: France, Britain, Russia, later the United States

Front 9

Total War

Back 9

Draws on all weapons and tactics, regardless of laws or conventions

Hint 9

World War 1 was sometimes called "The Great War," maybe because it was the first type of this war...

Front 10

Treaty of Versailles

Back 10

Treaty established to end World War 1

Hint 10

This treaty is what made Germany have to concede World War 1 was their fault, and thus pay strict reparations.

Front 11

Mass production

Back 11

Method of producing goods in large quantities at low cost per unit

Front 12

Fordism

Back 12

Created by Henry Ford, this is a science of labor organization which encouraged mass production through its 3 key characteristics: planning, time-setting, and scientific analysis

Hint 12

Planning: Have the worker assigned to a specific task before they start work.

Time-Setting: Setting the pace of the workplace environment (often through the use of conveyor belts)

Scientific Analysis: "An analysis of operations into their constituent parts"

Front 13

Scientific Management

Back 13

Analysis of the workplace environment in an effort to increase productivity and efficiency

Front 14

Mechanization

Back 14

The ploy to make machines do as much of the work as possible

Hint 14

Conveyor belts... robot arms. We're closer to this, now!

Front 15

Division of Labor

Back 15

Assigning each worker a very specialized task, eliminating the need for well-trained or skilled workers

Hint 15

Seems like the motivation behind this would be paying lower wages, but you had to pay your workers enough that they could actually afford the goods you were producing or your business would crumble!

Front 16

Capitalism

Back 16

An economic structure which is centered around capital, which are assets that can accrue wealth

Hint 16

Monopoly.

Front 17

Reparations

Back 17

Fines incurred to a nation to repay war deficits

Hint 17

Germany had these after World War 1, due to the Treaty of Versailles.

Front 18

Great Depression

Back 18

The period of excruciating economical hardship which took place globally from the late 1910s to the early 1920s

Hint 18

Charlie Chaplin's film "Modern Times" is about this.

Front 19

Overproduction

Back 19

Too much supply, and not enough demand

Hint 19

World War 1 incurred so much demand that overproduction caused the great depression (steep price drops, drastic increase in unemployment rates)

Front 20

State Planning

Back 20

A socialist structure of planning the economy, redistributing wealth

Hint 20

One of FDR's executive actions under "The New Deal."

Front 21

Mass Entertainment

Back 21

Forms of entertainment meant to entertain many people at one time

Hint 21

With the boom in urban populations, forms of mass entertainment, such as movie theaters and amusement parks, became immensely more popular and commonplace.

Front 22

Global Culture

Back 22

A culture which is affected not only by the native country but the works of foreign soil

Hint 22

In film's early days, it was very international and multi-cultural. Before Hollywood, foreign countries were the main exporters of film worldwide.

Front 23

Welfare

Back 23

A socialist policy of financial entitlement

Hint 23

FDR introduced welfare under the New Deal, following the Great Depression.

Front 24

Propoganda

Back 24

An effort to manipulate other people through media

Hint 24

Amoral, not immoral. Often pushing a political agenda.

Front 25

Eugenics

Back 25

The science of assigning traits to certain genes, regardless of their actual association with those genes, leading to assigning these traits of said genes to specific races, ultimately resulting in scientific racism, in the context of an attempt to select only the most desirable traits for following generations

Hint 25

Intersects with scientific racism but may not be inherently racist.

Front 26

Sterilization

Back 26

Scientifically rendering an organism incapable of reproduction.

Hint 26

Sterilization was a tool of negative eugenics

Front 27

Anti-Miscegenation Laws

Back 27

Laws which prevented interracial marriages. "Miscegenation" is the mixing of races

Front 28

Scientific Racism

Back 28

Racism masquerading as science by presenting data and method, regardless of their actual implications. Considered race a valid biological category

Front 29

Fascism

Back 29

An authoritarian, nationalist, and militaristic movement which concerned itself with racial purity and advocated the idea that the nation was under attack by foreign threats which needed to be eliminated for national purification.

Front 30

National Socialist (Nazi) Party

Back 30

German fascists led by Adolf Hitler who were responsible for the Holocaust, though THEY called it "The Final Solution," (of course, as a response to what they called "the Jewish Problem").

Hint 30

Do I even need to define this one? You know, already!

Front 31

Lebensraum

Back 31

"living space." Hitler coined this term in Mein Kampf when he declared that Germans need "lebensraum," justifying his plans for colossal expansion.

Hint 31

Hitler coined this term in Mein Kampf when he declared that Germans need "lebensraum," justifying his plans for colossal expansion.

Front 32

Blitzkrieg

Back 32

A military strategy which involved quickly hitting an enemy with full force, resting, then doing so again.

Hint 32

Germany used this strategy in World War 2. It worked against a lot of nations, but neither the United States or Russia. American Industrialism pumped out too many counter-measures for them to handle, and Russia's sheer numbers overwhelmed the German army.

Front 33

Shoah

Back 33

A Hebrew term for Holocaust

Shoah translates to "catastrophe."

Hint 33

Some feel "shoah" is more appropriate than the term "holocaust," because Shoah is secular while Holocaust is biblical.

Holocaust means "end of days"/ "end of the world."

Front 34

Concentration Camp

Back 34

There were two types of concentration camps; extermination and forced labor.

Hint 34

Conditions were so poor that most people put into concentration camps were fated for death.

Front 35

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Back 35

What Japan called its slice of the Asian Empire.

Hint 35

Japan promised to liberate Asia from European occupiers.

Front 36

Japanese American internment

Back 36

Americans moved Japanese people to internment camps.

Hint 36

January 1942. Happened inside of the United States of America. Happened to U.S citizens of Japanese ancestry. "The Boy in the Striped Pajamas."

Front 37

Firebombing

Back 37

Bombing civilians/ urban populations, not military.

Hint 37

Allies used firebombing in Hiroshima.

Front 38

Hiroshima

Back 38

A city in Japan which suffered the strike of an atomic bomb.

Hint 38

Nagasaki was also bombed. The reasoning behind this move was that it would end the war more quickly, and capture Japan before the Soviets did.

Front 39

Genocide

Back 39

An attempt to eliminate all people of a certain race, even if only through exile. In other words, not all genocide has to mean mass killing, but it usually does. Raphael Lemkin, the founder of the term "genocide" even says that; Genocide does not have to mean mass killings.

Front 40

Displaced Persons (DPs)

Back 40

People who do not have papers belonging to any country

Front 41

United Nations

Back 41

An organization created after World War 2 in hopes to prevent anymore global wars.

Front 42

Human Rights

Back 42

Human Rights