Western Civilization

Front 1

Roman Administrative System

Back 1

100 provinces divided into 12 dioceses (each headed by a vicar) and separated into sections of east and west, each of which were ruled by an Augustus who was helped by his Caesar.

Front 2

Vicar

Back 2

the head of a diocese

Front 3

Charlemagne

Back 3

Emperor of the Carolingian Dynasty, also known as Charles the Great; inherited the throne from his father - Pepin - who died in 768. Most known for expanding his territory, crushed the Lombards in Italy, took 36 years for saxons to join his dynasty, territory stretched from West to Central Europe. Too large for him to manage/control and therefore no supervision was taken of local government. He was very unfaithful, marriage determined by fathers or uncles, infanticide widely used, or abandoning children at monasteries/convents.

Front 4

Charles the Bald

Back 4

after the fall of the Carolingian Empire and the death of Charlemagne, Louis the Pious took over. When Louis died the empire was split into three sections for his three sons. Charles the Bald received the Western section.

Front 5

Lothar

Back 5

another of Louis the Pious's children. He ruled the middle and sout to Italy. Louis the German ruled the east.

Front 6

Pepin

Back 6

Emperor prior to Charlemagne (also his father). He was self-appointed and died in 768.

Front 7

Coloni

Back 7

free tenant farmers bound to the land they worked on because the government granted permission to the landlords to attach them to the estates; they could not survive on their own, hence the dependency.

Front 8

Tetrarchy

Back 8

rule by four, implemented by New Roman Administrative System.

Front 9

Agricultural Revolution

Back 9

the three-field rotation system changed the ways of farming as they were known

Front 10

Economic and Social Policies of Diocletian and Constantine

Back 10

strict rule of control and coercion

Front 11

Edict of Milan

Back 11

the official tolerance of Christianity

Front 12

Erik the Red

Back 12

famous viking who found Greenland

Front 13

Constantinople

Back 13

now modern-day Istanbul; city built by Constantine in Byzantium for strategic location of military

Front 14

Theodosius the Great

Back 14

made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Front 15

Fief

Back 15

the land granted to a vassal in return for military service; those who owned them exercised rights of jurisdiction or political and legal authority within them.

Front 16

Vassal

Back 16

an individual who served their lord in a military capacity.

Front 17

Germans

Back 17

personal law; wergeld --> amount paid by wrongdoer to a victim's family, value based on social status. compurgation --> the swearing of the accused of an oath backed up by oath-helpers. trial by ordeal was a Germanic custom in which a physical danger was exposed the wrongdoer.

Front 18

Lombards

Back 18

replaced Ostrogoths, tough rulers who did not care about Roman customs, loacted in Northern and Southern Italy, fought amongst each other;

Front 19

Vikings

Back 19

responsible for most devastating attacks, warriors were superior shipbuilders and sailors, destroyed villages and churches, defeated small armies and daring explorers, Erik the Red was a famous one.

Front 20

Visigoths

Back 20

Arianism converted to Christianity, located in Spain, lead by Celaric, 1st group to invade Roman empire, coexisted mostly with Rome, fought over kingship, destroyed by Muslims

Front 21

Ostrogoths

Back 21

a Germanic group led by Theodoric, located in Italy, kept Roman policies mostly in place, controlled army (Romans did not like this) and they were Arian Christians, viewed as heretics, followed Arius, replaced by Lombards.

Front 22

Chivalry

Back 22

the idea of civilized behavior that emerged among the nobility in the 11th and 12th centuries under the influence of the church; a code of ethics knights were expected to uphold.

Front 23

King Otto

Back 23

Germanic ruler, song of King Henry, best known of the germanic rulers; defeated Magyars at the Battle of Lechfield in 955 and encouraged Christianization.

Front 24

Hugh Capet

Back 24

first king of the Western Franks, he established the kingship as hereditary

Front 25

Alfred the Great

Back 25

unified England after defeating the Vikings

Front 26

Federate

Back 26

ally of Rome

Front 27

Monk

Back 27

a man who chooses to live a communal life divorced from the world in order to dedicate himself totally to the will of God

Front 28

Knight Combat and Tournaments

Back 28

the early tournament was a mock battle between two bodies of armed horsemen and was called the melee. later came the joust, a trial of skill in which two horsemen charged each other with leveled lances from end of the lists.

Front 29

abbott

Back 29

father of the monasteries

Front 30

Emperor Valens

Back 30

killed in Adrianople