Vertebral Column Anatomy (Asaf)

Front 1

What are the three jobs of the vertebral column?

Back 1

1. Protect the spinal chord
2. Support the head and limbs (connected to by shoulder belt and pelvic belt)
3. Absorb shock (especially forces on their way to the brain)

Front 2

How many vertebrae in the vertebral column?

Back 2

32-34

Front 3

What are the vertebral segments (top to bottom) and how many vertebrae in each?

Back 3

Cervical 7

Thoracic 12

Lumbar 5

Sacral 5

Coccyx 3-5

Front 4

Which groups are mobile?

Back 4

Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar

Front 5

Which segments are immobile?

Back 5

Sacrum and coccyx

Front 6

Why are the vertebrae in the sacrum and coccyx immobile?

Back 6

To provide stability and support

Front 7

What are the top two vertebrae?

Back 7

C1 Atlas

C2 Axis

Front 8

What is between the vertebrae?

Back 8

Intervertebtral discs made of cartilage

Front 9

What stabilizes the spine?

Back 9

Strong ligaments רצועות and muscles

Front 10

What is the primary curvature?

Back 10

Curve present in spine of fetuses and babies

Front 11

What is the secondary curvature?

Back 11

S curves that develop with growth for holding up head and standing

Front 12

What are the four curves and what type is each?

Back 12

1. Cervical (lordosis קיעור)
2. Thoracic (kyphosis קימור)
3. Lumbar (lordosis קיעור)
4. Sacral (kyphosis קימור)

Front 13

What are the two main parts of each vertebrae?

Back 13

Body and vertebral arch

Front 14

What parts connect the body to the vertebral arch?

Back 14

2 pedicles

Front 15

What part of the vertebrae sticks out to the back?

Back 15

Spinous process

Front 16

What parts of the vertebrae stick out to the sides?

Back 16

Transverse processes

Front 17

What part of the vertebrae is between the spinal process and the vertebral foramen?

Back 17

2 Laminas

Front 18

What is the largest hole in each vertebra?

Back 18

Vertebral foramen

Front 19

What do the vertebral foramen line up to form?

Back 19

The vertebral canal

Front 20

What parts connect two vertebrae?

Back 20

Intervertebral foramen and intervertebral notch

Front 21

What part is on each side between the lamina and the spinous process on the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 21

Articular facet

Front 22

Cervical spinal nerves C1 - C7 stick out _____ vertebrae ____.

Back 22

Above, C1 - C7

Front 23

Spinal nerve C8 sticks out ____ vertebra ____.

Back 23

Below, C7

Front 24

Spinal thoracic and lumbar nerves stick out ____ the corresponding vertebrae.

Back 24

Below

Front 25

What are the two parts of an intervertebral disc?

Back 25

Anulus fibrosus (outer ring) and nucleus pulposus (inside ring)

Front 26

What are five examples of disc problems?

Back 26

1. Degenerated
2. Bulging
3. Herniated
4. Thinning
5. Degenerated with osteophyte formations

Front 27

What are the two parts of a vertebra that jut out around the transverse foramen in a cervical vertebra?

Back 27

Anterior and posterior tubercle

Front 28

What holes are on the sides of the cervical vertebrae?

Back 28

Transverse foramen

Front 29

What is the piece that sticks up in vertebra C2?

Back 29

Dens

Front 30

What connects the vertebrae to the ribs?

Back 30

Costal facets

Front 31

What is the joint between the upper articular process and the lower articular process called?

Back 31

Zygaphyseal facet or joint

Front 32

Which disc is also known as the vertebral prominens?

Back 32

C7 due to its long spinous process

Front 33

Which discs have a bifid spinous process?

Back 33

Most of the cervical discs

Front 34

What are the four parts of C1 (Atlas)?

Back 34

1. Anterior arch
2. Posterior arch
3. Superior lateral arch
4. Inferior lateral arch

Front 35

What is the joint with the dens where C1 meets C2?

Back 35

Atlanto-axial joint

Front 36

What holds the dens in place?

Back 36

Transverse ligament of axis

Front 37

What are two traits of cervical vertebrae?

Back 37

Small body and large spinal canal

Front 38

What are two traits of the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 38

Large body and small hole

Front 39

Which vertebrae have costal facets?

Back 39

Thoracic

Front 40

What are the three costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 40

Superior, inferior, transverse

Front 41

What are two traits of the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 41

Large body and thick spinous process

Front 42

What are the three processes in the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 42

Superior articular, inferior articular, and transverse

Front 43

What is the ring-like surface at the top of the sacrum called?

Back 43

Promotory

Front 44

What are the holes in the sacrum for the spinal nerves called?

Back 44

Anterior and posterior pelvic sacral foramen

Front 45

What is the bottom of the sacrum called?

Back 45

Apex

Front 46

What is the triangular surface on either side of the sacral base called?

Back 46

Sacral ala

Front 47

What is the name of the opening in the bottom of the sacrum?

Back 47

Sacral hiatus

Front 48

What is the posterior surface of the sacrum called?

Back 48

Dorsal surface

Front 49

What is the anterior surface of the sacrum called?

Back 49

Pelvic surface

Front 50

What nerves exit through the sacral hiatus?

Back 50

S5 and Co1

Front 51

What ligament runs from the neck until the lumbar segment?

Back 51

Anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal

Front 52

Which ligament is on the front side of the body of the vertebrae?

Back 52

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Front 53

Which ligament is on the back side of the body of the vertebrae?

Back 53

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 54

Which ligament runs between the laminas?

Back 54

Ligamentum flavum