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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the vertebral formula for dogs and cats? |
Dog: C7 T13 L7 S3 Ca20-23 Cat: C7 T13 L7 S3 Ca 18-21 |
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Typical vertebrae, C7 A. Body B. Transverse Process C. Pedicle (vertebral arch) D. Lamina (vertebral arch) E. Spinous Process F. Vertebral foramen |
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Typical vertebrae, C7 A. Caudal costal fovea B. Caudal articular surface |
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Intervertebral foramen |
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What courses through the intervertebral foramen? |
spinal nerves and blood vessels |
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What structure houses the spinal cord? |
Vertebral canal, formed by individual vertebral foramina |
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A. Intervertebral disk B. Anulus fibrosus (fibrous ring) C. Nucleus pulposus (pulpous nucleus) |
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Cervical vertebrae C1 (Atlas) A. Transverse foramen B. Lateral vertebral foramen C. Arch D. Alar notch E. Wing F. Fovea dentis G. Ventral tubercle H. Caudal articular fovea |
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What do we call the joint between the skull and C1? |
Atlanto-occipital joint |
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Where can a needle be placed in the cranial area for a cerebrospinal fluid tap and myelography? |
Cerebellomedullary cistern (cisterna magna) dorsal to caudal brainstem & cranial portion of spinal cord needle landmarks: external occipital protuberance, spine of C2, cranial edges of wings of atlas |
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C2 - Axis A. Dens B. Spinous process C. Caudal articular process D. Caudal vertebral notch E. Body F. Transverse process G. Transverse foramen H. Cranial articular surface |
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C2 (Axis) A. Spinous process B. Caudal articular process C. Cranial articular surface D. Body E. Dens |
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What is the name of the joint between C1 and C2? |
Atlantoaxial joint |
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Name the three ligaments associated with the atlantoaxial joint |
1. Transverse ligament of the atlas 2. Apical and Altar ligaments 3. Dorsal atlanto-axial ligament |
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Cervical vertebrae (C3-C5) A. Spinous process B. Cranial articular surface C. Transverse foramen D. Transverse process E. Body |
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What is unique about C7 compared with the other cervical vertebra? |
No transverse foramen Caudal costal fovea for articulation with the head of the 1st rib |
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Thoracic vertebra A. Spinous process B. Transverse fovea C. Caudal articular surface D. Caudal vertebral notch E. Caudal costal fovea |
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Thoracic vertebra A. Mamillary process B. Transverse process C. Cranial costal fovea D. Body |
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What do the red arrows indicate? |
Cranial costal fovea |
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What part of the vertebrae articulates with ribs 1-10? |
caudal costal fovea of preceding vertebra and cranial costal fovea of corresponding vertebra |
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Rib 1. Tubercle 2. Head 3. Neck 4. Angle 5. Body 6. Costochondral junction 7. Costal cartilage |
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What part of the vertebrae articulates with ribs 11-13? |
cranial and costal fovea of corresponding thoracic vertebra |
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what structure is indicated by the red arrow? |
Costovertebral ligament |
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What is the purpose of the costovertebral ligament? |
Hold the heads of R and L ribs in place Connects pairs of ribs 2-10 |
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What is the anticlinal vertebra? |
T11 spinous processes before T11 point caudally spinous processes after T11 point cranially |
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Lumbar vertebrae A. Cranial articular surface B. Mamillary process C. Caudal articular process D. Caudal articular surface |
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Lumbar vertebrae A. Caudal articular surface B. Caudal vertebral notch C. Accessory process D. Cranial articular process E. Mamillary process |
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Where is a lumbar spinal tap performed? |
dogs: between L5 & L6 or between L6 & L7 cats: lumbosacral junction |
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What is the injection site for myelography in the lumbar region? |
between L5 & L6 or between L6 & L7 (cats and dogs) |
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Sacrum A. Intermediate sacral crest B. Median sacral crest C. Dorsal surface D. Cranial articular process E. Caudal articular process |
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Sacrum A. Wing B. Auricular surface C. Pelvic surface D. Lateral sacral crest E. Transverse process |
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What is the hemal arch? Which vertebrae have this structure? |
Boney structure that protects median caudal vessels Ca4-Ca6 |
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How many ribs are present in cats and dogs? How many sternebrae? |
13 ribs 8 sternebrae (1st is manubrium, 8th is xiphoid process) |
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A. Dorsal atlanto-axial ligament B. Nuchal ligament C. Supraspinous ligament D. Interspinatous ligament |
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What is the location of the nuchal ligament? |
Between the axis and T1 attaches to spinous processes |
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What is the location of the supraspinous ligament? |
Between T1 and Ca3 attaches to spinous processes continuation of the nuchal ligament |
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What is the location of the dorsal and ventral longitudinal ligaments? |
from C2 to sacrum Dorsal ligament attaches to the dorsal surface of vertebral bodies (ventral to spinal cord) Ventral ligament attaches to ventral surface of vertebral bodies |
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What is the location of interspinous ligaments? |
Broad band coursing between spinous processes |
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What is the location of intertransvers ligament? |
courses between lumbar transverse processes |
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Intertransverse ligament |
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What is the location of the interarcuate ligament? |
between vertebral arches dorsally |
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Interarcuate ligament/ligamentum flava/yellow ligament |
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C1/Atlas Red: Dorsal arch Green: Lateral Vertebral Foramen Blue: Wing of atlas (transverse process) |
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C2/Axis red: transverse foramen green: spinous process |
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red: transverse foramen, C1/atlas blue: dens, C2/Axis |
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C1/Atlas red: Alar notch green: Transverse Foramen
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Spinous process |
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Transverse process |
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Caudal articular process (C5) |
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Cranial articular process (C6) |
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head of the rib |
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Intervertebral foramen (in this case between L3 and L4) |
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Intervertebral disk |
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Accessory process Lumbar vertebrae |
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Spinous process, anticlinal vertebra (T11) |
