Ventricles, Meninges, Csf, & Blood Vessels Of The Brain (Unit 4)

Front 1

Name the three cranial meninges from superficial to deep.

Back 1

(1) Dura Mater

(2) Arachnoid Mater

(3) Pia Mater

Front 2

This is one of the two layers of the dura mater of the skull. This is the most superficial layer of dura mater. It is very closely associated with the periosteum of the skull. It does not continue into the vertebral column.

Back 2

Periosteal Layer of Dura Mater

Front 3

This is one of the two layers of the dura mater of the skull and the only layer of dura mater that continues into the vertebral column. It is the deeper layer of dura mater in the skull and is right above the arachnoid mater.

Back 3

Meningeal Layer of Dura Mater

Front 4

These are where the meningeal layer forms double-layered folds that insert into fissures. The three we will cover are the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, & the tentorium cerebelli. They help to limit the movement in of the brain in the skull and give some weight support to the brain.

Back 4

Dural Septa

Front 5

This dural septa is found in the longitudinal fissure. It seperates the right and left hemispheres of the brain and attaches inferiorly to the crista galli of the ethmoid bone.

Back 5

Falx Cerebri

Front 6

This dural septa is found in the transverse fissure. It separates the occipital lobe & the cerebellum. It helps to support the weight of the occipital lobe & keep it from crushing the cerebellum.

Back 6

Tentorium Cerebelli

Hint 6

Means Cerebellar Tent

Front 7

This dural septa is found between the right & left hemispheres of the cerebellum in the posterior cerebellar notch.

Back 7

Falx Cerebelli

Front 8

These are areas where the two layers of dura mater in the skull separate, creating a space (sinus) in between. These sinuses contain venous blood from the veins of the brain & CSF returned from the subarachnoid space via arachnoid granulations.

Back 8

Dural Venous Sinuses

Front 9

This dural venous sinus follows along the superior edge of the falx cerebri. Blood & CSF flows from anterior to posterior. It drains into the confluence of sinuses posteriorly.

Back 9

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Front 10

This dural venous sinus follows along the inferior edge of the falx cerebri. It drains into the straight sinus after joining the great cerebellar v.

Back 10

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

Front 11

This dural venous sinus follows along the most posterior & vertical section of the falx cerebri. It drains into the confluence of sinuses posteriorly.

Back 11

Straight Sinus

Front 12

This dural venous sinus is found just inferior to the occipital lobe & the cerebellum. It drains into the confluence of sinuses.

Back 12

Occipital Sinus

Front 13

This is an area of the dural venous sinuses where the superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, & occipital sinus all join. It drains into the right and left transverse sinuses.

Back 13

Confluence of Sinuses

Front 14

This dural venous sinus begins at the confluence of sinuses and wraps laterally and anteriorly around the brain. It also receives drainage from the superior petrosal sinus. After it curves, its name changes to the sigmoid sinus. One of these is found on each side of the brain.

Back 14

Transverse Sinus

Front 15

This dural venous sinus is a direct continuation of the transverse sinus. The transverse sinus becomes this after it curves into an "S" shape. It receives drainage from the inferior petrosal sinus & runs down to pass through the jugular foramen and becomes the internal jugular v.

Back 15

Sigmoid Sinus

Front 16

This dural venous sinus sits on either side of the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone. It drains into the inferior and superior petrosal sinuses.

Back 16

Cavernous Sinus

Front 17

This dural venous sinus is located beneath the brain. It receives drainage from the cavernous sinus and flows backward and laterally to drain into the transverse sinus.

Back 17

Superior Petrosal Sinus

Front 18

This dural venous sinus is situated on the inferior border of the petrous part of the temporal bone on each side.It receives drainage from the cavernous sinus and flows backward and laterally to drain into the sigmoid sinus.

Back 18

Inferior Petrosal Sinus

Front 19

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 19

Superior Sagittal Sinus

Hint 19

Front 20

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 20

Transverse Sinus

Hint 20

Front 21

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 21

Inferior Sagittal Sinus

Hint 21

Front 22

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 22

Straight Sinus

Hint 22

Front 23

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 23

Great Cerebral v.

Front 24

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 24

Sigmoid Sinus

Hint 24

Front 25

Name the structure on the venogram.

Back 25

Confluence of Sinuses

Hint 25

Front 26

This is the middle layer of the meninges. It's spider-like fibers attach to the pia mater and leave spaces through which arteries and CSF can move. This layer invests all fissures of the brain.

Back 26

Arachnoid Mater

Front 27

These are little extensions of the arachnoid mater that project into dural venous sinuses. CSF that has been exhausted exits the subarachnoid space and eventually the brain through these.

Back 27

Arachnoid Granulations

Front 28

This is filtered blood plasma that is produced by choroid plexus in the brain ventricles. It serves as a shock absorber (protects against concussion), helps in the transport of nutrients & removal of waste, & helps maintain the proper ion balance in neural tissue. Once exhausted, it leaves the brain via the arachnoid granulations.

Back 28

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Front 29

This is the deepest layer of the meninges. It is the weakest, most flexible layer. It invests all gyri, sulci, & fissures of the brain.

Back 29

Pia Mater

Front 30

This is a potential meningeal space between the skull and the dura mater. It can become a space when venous blood pools here.

Back 30

Epidural (Extradural) Space

Hint 30

Ex) Epidural Hematoma

Front 31

When a meningeal space is called potential what does that mean?

Back 31

It does not exist in a neurotypical human.

Front 32

This is a potential meningeal space between the dura and the arachnoid mater. It can become a space when some sort of arterial blood pools here.

Back 32

Subdural Space

Hint 32

Ex) Subdural Hematoma

Front 33

This is an actual meningeal space between the arachnoid and pia mater. Here you find CSF and blood vessels around the brain.

Back 33

Subarachnoid Space

Front 34

This is a structure found in the ventricles that continually produces CSF.

Back 34

Choroid Plexus

Front 35

Name the ventricle. There are two of these, one on each side. They drain into the third ventricle throught the intraventricular foramen (foramen of Monro).

Back 35

Lateral Ventricles

Hint 35

Front 36

Name the ventricle. It receives drainage from the lateral ventricles & drains into the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct.

Back 36

3rd Ventricle

Hint 36

Can't really be seen on a midsagittal slice of the brain. It's roughly around the interthalamic adhesion and the thalamus.

Front 37

Name the ventricle. It receives drainage from the 3rd ventricle & drains into the 4th ventricle.

Back 37

Cerebral Aqueduct

Hint 37

Front 38

Name the ventricle. It receives drainage from the cerebral canal & the central canal. It drains into the central canal of the spinal cord & the subarachnoid space.

Back 38

4th Ventricle

Hint 38

Front 39

Name the ventricle. It receives drainage from & drains into the 4th ventricle. (Drains into 4th venticle in order to exit via subarachnoid space).

Back 39

Central Canal

Hint 39

Front 40

This part of the ventricular system flows around the cerebellum allowing CSF to "bathe" it. CSF can also leave the ventricles via this & 1 other in order to get to the subarachnoid space so it can exit the brain via the arachnoid granulations.

Back 40

Median Aperture (most inferior aperture)

Front 41

This part of the ventricular system works around the brainstem and then up around the cerebrum to "bathe" it. CSF can also leave the ventricles via this & 1 other in order to get to the subarachnoid space so it can exit the brain via the arachnoid granulations.

Back 41

Lateral Aperture (most superior aperture)

Front 42

This is a condition caused by obstruction of any part of the CSF circulatory system (e.g., subarachnoid space, ventricles, & etc.). This leads to the accumulation of fluid which compresses the brain. In humans >4 yo, the fontanelles allow the skull bones to expand. This condition can be fixed by shunting the CSF elsewhere (e.g., abdomen).

Back 42

Hydrocephalus

Front 43

Which 2 major arteries branch off the subclavian aa., travel through the transverse foramen, & enter the skull through the foramen magnum. Their branches provide posterior circulation to the brain.

Back 43

Vertebral Arteries

Front 44

Which 2 major arteries branch off the common carotid aa., enter the skull through the carotid canal, & then through the internal opening of foramen lacerum. Their branches provide anterior circulation to the brain.

Back 44

Internal Carotid Arteries

Front 45

Name the three major branches of the internal carotid aa.

Back 45

(1) Anterior Cerebral a.

(2) Middle Cerebral a.

(3) Posterior Communicating a.

Front 46

This artery is one of the major branches of the internal carotid a. It enters the longitudinal fissure to supply most of the medial and superior surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres (mainly frontal & paritetal lobes).

Back 46

Anterior Cerebral a. (Green)

Front 47

This artery branches from the posterior communicating a. It supplies the inferior portion of the temporal lobes and all of the occipital lobes.

Back 47

Posterior Cerebral a. (Yellow)

Front 48

This artery is one of the major branches of the internal carotid a. It passes between the temporal & frontal lobes to supply the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Back 48

Middle Cerebral a. (Blue)

Front 49

Name the artery. This is one of the major branches of the internal carotid a. It connects the anterior & posterior circulations of the brain.

Back 49

Posterior Communicating aa.

Front 50

Name the artery.

Back 50

Anterior Communication a.

Front 51

Name the three major branches of the vertebral aa.

Back 51

(1) Posterior Inferior Cerebellar aa.

(2) Anterior Spinal a.

(3) Basilar a.

Front 52

This artery is formed where the R & L Vertebral aa. come together. Many aa. branch from this artery.

Back 52

Basilar a.

Front 53

This artery is one of the three major branches of the vertebral aa. It supplies the part of the brain that it is named after.

Back 53

Posterior Inferior Cerebellar aa. (PICA)

Front 54

This artery is one of the three major branches of the vertebral aa. This one a. branches off both vertebrall aa. It is named for the part of the brain it runs along/supplies.

Back 54

Anterior Spinal a.

Front 55

This artery branches from the basilar a. It supplies the area of the brain that it is named after.

Back 55

Anterior Inferior Cerebellar aa. (AICA)

Front 56

These arteries branch off the basilar a. & supply the area that they are named after. They are inferior to the superior cerebellar aa. & superior to the labryinthine aa.

Back 56

Pontine aa.

Front 57

These arteries branch off of the basilar a. They supply ear structures. They are inferior to the pontine aa. & superior to the anterior inferior cerebellar aa.

Back 57

Labryinthine aa.

Front 58

These arteries are a branch of the basilar a. They pass through the transverse fissure to supply the area of the brain that they are named after.

Back 58

Superior Cerebellar aa.

Front 59

These arteries are a branch of the basilar a. They pass through the transverse fissure to supply the area for which they are named.

Back 59

Posterior Cerebellar aa.

Front 60

Name the five arteries of the Circle of Willis (draw if possible). this is the best & possibly most important example of an anastomosis in the body.

Back 60

(1) Internal Carotid aa.

(2) Anterior Cerebral aa.

(3) Anterior Communicating a.

(4) Posterior Communicating a.

(5) Posterior Cerebral aa.

Front 61

If a patient couldn't move or feel her/his leg, which artery should be suspected to be damaged or blocked?

Back 61

Anterior Cerebral aa. because it supplies the medial & superior aspect of the cerebral cortex which include the pre- & post-central gyri.

Hint 61

Front 62

If a patient couldn't move or feel her/his upper limb or face, which artery should be suspected to be damaged or blocked?

Back 62

Middle Cerebral aa. because it supplies the lateral aspect of the cerebral cortex which includes the pre- & post-central gyri.

Hint 62