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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the most common cause for obx uropathy in children is more common in males or females
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posterior urethral valves
males |
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what are the common sequelae of posterior urethral valves
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abml development of urethral valves --> urinary flow obx --> detrusor hypertrophy and reflux/hydronephrosis
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how is hydronephrosis dx in infants
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vcug
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prune belly syndrome
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combonation of renal, uretal and urethral abnormalities
obx and upper urinary tract dilation are common abd musculature is underdeveloped --> weak cough and constipation |
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how to dx prune belly syndrome
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kub
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what is the pattern of the developing rash in rubella
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starts on head and goes down
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what is the nml stooling pattern in neonates
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in first 4 weeks of life, 6-8x/d
after 1 mo, decreases to 1-3x/d or less |
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si/sx neonatal polycythemia
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irritability, drowsiness, decreased feeding, abd distention, hypotonia, peripheral cyanosis
hypoglycemia jaundice apnea |
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how to tx neonatal polycythemia
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hydration and exchange transfusion
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the classic pt who gets pyloric stenosis
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first born male
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what is the most common associated sx of myelomeningocele
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80% have bladder involvement
30% have LE dysfxn anal sphincter involvement is also common --> fecal incontinence |
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typical presentation of transient synovitis
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pt refusing to walk
pain in hip, knee, or thigh in 3-10 yo. 25% have bilateral effusions |
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how to dx transient synovitis
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U/S --> widening joint space of hip
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when is refeeding syndrome seen and what are the complications?
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seen 2-3 wks after refeeding (common in starvation, anorexia, etc)
hypophos --> tissue hypoxia and depletion of energy stores --> chf, edema, delerium and cardiac arrest |
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how to tx refeeding syndrome
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iv po4
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ceftritaxone in nenoates
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ceftriaxone is carried by albumin and can displace albumin bound bili --> cholestasis
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contraindications of mmr vaccine
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current mod/severe febrile illness (delay until acuts sx resolved)
anaphylaxis to neomycin/gelatin severe immunoodeficiency b/c it's a live vaccine thrombocytopenia after 1st dose of mmr. DO NOT EVER GIVE 2ND DOSE IN THIS CASE!!!!! recent ig administration (can decrease efficacy of vaccine) pregnancy |
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can hiv pts get mmr vaccin
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yes, if not severely immunocompromised
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can breastfeeding pts get mmr vaccine
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yes
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can pts with + PPD get mmr vaccine
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yes
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can health person with family member that is immunocompromised get mmr vaccine
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yes
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can pts with egg anaphylaxis get mmr vaccine
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yes
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what % fo pts with rsv will develop astma
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10-20%
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what anti-viral medication can be given to tx rsv
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ribavirin
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what is the best way to tx severe malnutrition
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oral rehydration whenever possible, otherwise insert ngt
DO NOT TX WITH IVF --> HEART FAILURE |
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what is the most common congenital heart dz in down sydrome
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endocardial cushion defect
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other than cardiac, what other dzs are associated with down syndrome
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hirschsprung
atlant-axial instability hypothyroid |
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tx of ttp/hus
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urgent plasmapheresis
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Cardiac complications in Turner Syndrome
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coarctation of aorta
bicuspid aortic valve mvp hypoplastic heart syndrome |
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what is the most common complication of scd
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dactylitis
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when is cleft lip/palate repair usually performed
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follows rule of 10s
10 lbs 10 wks 10 g of Hb |
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what conditions produce atypical lymphocytes
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ebv
toxoplasmosis cmv lymphocytic leukemia |
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Cardiac complications in Turner Syndrome
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coarctation of aorta
bicuspid aortic valve mvp hypoplastic heart syndrome |
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what will respond first in pts with severe fe deficiency anemia once they are apprporiately treated
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retic count will increase first (within 2-3d)
then hb will increase within 2-3 wks |
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what is the most common complication of scd
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dactylitis
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when is cleft lip/palate repair usually performed
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follows rule of 10s
10 lbs 10 wks 10 g of Hb |
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what conditions produce atypical lymphocytes
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ebv
toxoplasmosis cmv lymphocytic leukemia |
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what will respond first in pts with severe fe deficiency anemia once they are apprporiately treated
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retic count will increase first (within 2-3d)
then hb will increase within 2-3 wks |
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what is the difference btwn precocious puberty and precocious pseudopuberty
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precocious pseudopuberty is a rapid, dramatic increase in sex steroids --> severe cystic acne, significantly increased growth. testes may remain small
precocious puberty --> premature activation of hpg axis. 1st, testic enlargement, then penile enlargement, then pubic hair, then growth spurt |
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how to dx pyloric stenosis
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u/s
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what medication is a risk factor in development of pyloric stenosis
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erythromycin
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most common complication of marfan syndrome
how to dx it |
dural ectasia
mri spine |
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enign premature thelarche
what age does it occur |
bilateral breast enlargement not accompanied by any other si of precocious puberty
usually occurs at 18-24 mo |
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mccune albright syndrome
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cafe au lait spots
fibrous dysplasia of bonen precocious puberty |
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what nerve roots are involved with erb palsy
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c5,6,7
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what % of cat bites --> infx
how to tx |
50%
amp/sulbactam |
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is varicella a live or killed vaccine
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live
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what is the difference in the appearance of lesions seen in nf 1 and nf 2
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nf 1 lesions are hyperpigmented
nf 2 they are hypopigmented |
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which nf has axillary freckling
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nf 1
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sturge-weber syndrome
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port-wine stain, +leptomeningeal angiomatosis
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osler-weber-rendu
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multiple telangiectasias
vascular lesions of cns |
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Intantile botulism: when does it present
pathophysiology |
~6 mo
spores colonize git and release neurotoxins that inhibit the presynaptic release of ACh |
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where is botulism commonly found
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canned products
soil |
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tx of infantile botulism
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supportive care
human anti-toxin (reserve equine anti-toxin in older children and adults, and can be used to treat foodborne illness or wound infx |
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pathophys of gynecomastia in pubertal males
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excess estrogen produce by testes
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how long does gynecomastia take to resolve on its own
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18-24 mo
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what is the risk of lyme dz after a tick bite
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<1.5%
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how long must tick be on you in order to have lyme transmission
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>36 hrs
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what is the most common sequelae of a tick bite
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skin irritation
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sequential tx of GER
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1. thickened formula
2. H2 blocker 3. Cesapride (not commonly used in US) 4. Surgery |
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most common causative agents for viral meningitis
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arbovirus
enterovirus |
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who normally gets hsv encephalitis/meningitis
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adults
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gold standard to dx cf
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sweat test
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at what age would you consider operating on a child with undescended testes
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6 mo
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lvl for minor lead poisoning
tx |
<45
do not necessarily need to tx, but can use dmsa or penacillamine |
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lvl for moderate lead poisoning
tx |
45-70
edta or dmsa |
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lvl for severe lead poisoning
tx |
>70
dimercaprol + edta |
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most common causative agent in osteomyelitis in a pt with scd
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salmonella
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absolute contraindications for dtap
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anaphylaxis within 7 days post-vaccination
encephalopathy within 7 days post-vaccination |
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what are the contraindications for hib vaccine
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none
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what are the contraindications for ipv vaccine
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none
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what are the contraindications for pcv vaccine
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none
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indications for a vcug in a child
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<5 yo, uti + fever
male of any age with first uti female <3yo with first uti children with recurrent uti child who did not respond to abx |
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at what age does pathologic jaundice occur
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<24 hrs old
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