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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which testicular vein drains into the renal vein before the IVC?
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left
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The ovaries/testes drain to which LNs?
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para-aortic
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The distal 1/3 of vagina/vulva/scrotum drain to which LNs?
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superficial inguinal nodes
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The proximal 2/3 of vagina/uterus drain to which LNs?
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obturator, external iliac, and hypogastric
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What LNs does the medial breast drain to?
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parasternal nodes --> bronchomediastinal trunk
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What ligament connects the ovaries to the lateral pelvic wall?
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suspensory ligament of the ovaries
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What ligament connects the cervix to the side wall of the pelvis?
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cardinal ligament
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What ligament connects the uterine fundus to the labia majora?
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round ligament of the uterus
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What ligament connects the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvic side wall?
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broad ligament
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What ligament connects that ovary to the lateral uterus?
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the ligament of the ovary
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What ligament contains the ovarian vessels?
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the suspensory ligament of the ovaries
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What ligament contains the uterine vessels?
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the cardinal ligament
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What ligament contains the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligaments of the uterus?
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broad ligament
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What kind of epithelium?
ovary |
simple cuboidal
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What kind of epithelium?
fallopian tube |
simple columnar, ciliated
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What kind of epithelium?
uterus |
simple columnar, pseudostratified, tubular glands
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What kind of epithelium?
endocervix |
simple columnar
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What kind of epithelium?
extocervix |
stratified squamous
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What kind of epithelium?
vagina |
stratified squamous, non keratinized
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What is the pathway of sperm during ejaculation?
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SEVEN UP
Seminiferous tubules (testicles), epididymis, Vas deferens, Ejaculatory ducts, "Nothing", Urethra, Penis |
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What chemical is involved in penile erection?
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NO (vasodilation --> vein compression --> blood can't flow out)
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What's the difference in control of emission vs. ejaculation?
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Emission - controlled by sympathetic NS via hypogastric n.
Ejaculation- visceral & somatic nerves (pudendal)- I think they may be activated by the physical presence of the semen ready to ejaculate |
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What part of the spermatid is the acrosome derived from?
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golgi apparatus
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What part of the spermatid is the flagellum derived from?
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centriole
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What do the sertoli cells do?
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They secrete inhibin which inhibits FSH
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What kind of cell secretes ABP and what does it do?
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sertoli cells, it maintains levels of testosterone (androgen binding protein)
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Why do you see lots of spermatocytes in prophase I on histological section?
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because it takes a long time to get through prophase I
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Describe the difference between "diploid" vs "2N/4N", etc.
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Diploid describes how many CHROMOSOMES there are (w/ individual centromers)- haploid is 23, diploid is 46.
N describes chromatids (so a normal cell that replicates all its DNA is still diploid, but 4N bc there are two chromatids/chromosome) |
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Say what the sperm cell is called as it develops
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spermatogonium --> primary spermatocyte --> secondary spermatocyte --> spermatid --> spermatozoan
"Spermatozoan is Zooming out of the cell" |
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What does 5alpha reductase do?
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convert testosterone to DHT
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What does finasteride do?
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blocks 5alpha reductase so it prevents formation of DHT
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Where are testosterone and androstendione converted to estrogen?
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in adipose tissue and sertoli cells
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Describe how estrogen gets made in the ovary in response to gnRH
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Cholesterol --> androstenedione (theca cell), then androstenedione --> estrogen (granulosa cell)
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what enzyme catalyzes cholesterol --> androstenedione
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desmolase
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What enzyme catalyzes androstendione --> estrogen
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aromatase
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What is estrogen's action on progesterone?
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stimulation secretion but blocks its action at the breast
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Withdrawal of progesterone during the menstrual cycle causes?
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shedding of the endometrial lining
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is constant length
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luteal phase (from ovulation to shedding)
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What is Mittelschmerz?
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blood from ruptured follicle causes peritoneal irritation; can mimic appendicitis
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What stage is an egg cell in until ovulation?
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Prophase of meiosis I
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What stage is an egg cell in until right before it gets fertilized?
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Metaphase of meiosis II
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Why do the trophoblast cells secrete bHCG?
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to keep the corpus luteum producing estrogen and progesterone until the fetus can make those itself
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What hormone change induces lactation after labor?
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decrease in progesterone
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Does estradiol have more of an effect on FSH or on LH?
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FSH
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What is the most common chromosomal abnormality among abortuses; never associated with live birth?
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Trisomy 16
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What is hGH?
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It's a hormone that the placenta makes (along with bHCG) hat has anti-insulin effects so it can cause hypoglycemia in mom
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How would you check to see if someone was in menopause?
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Increased FSH - indicates that there is no negative feedback on FSH from estrogen)
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What pathology might you see in kleinfelters disease?
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replacement of the seminiferous tubules with hyalinized ghosts
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What hormone changes would you see in Kleinfelters?
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increased FSH (bc you don't have inhibit), increased LH (bc you don't have testosterone), and increased estrogen (due to the increased LH)
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Name the two heart defects associated with Turner syndrome?
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bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta
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