U.s. History Unit 4

Front 1

Immigrants coming from across the Atlantic Ocean could often buy a cheap ticket and travel in ___________, the open area beneath the ship's deck.

Back 1

steerage

Front 2

Due to large amounts of immigrants, many ________ neighborhoods began to spring up in cities.

Back 2

ethnic

Front 3

In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese _________ Act, which banned the immigration of certain groups of Asians - mostly the Chinese.

Back 3

Exclusion

Front 4

What attracted immigrants to the U.S.?

Back 4

advertisements for free land, plentiful jobs, and letters from relatives

Front 5

How did the first wave of immigrants differ from the second wave?

Back 5

first wave: mostly from Northern/Western Europe and Protestant

second wave: mostly from Eastern/Southern Europe and many different religions

Front 6

Why did immigrants settle in cities in their own ethnic communities?

Back 6

It made it easier to survive and it eased their pain of being away from their homeland.

Front 7

Why did many Americans oppose immigration?

Back 7

Immigrants had different appearances and unfamiliar customs.

Front 8

How did some nativists in the West show their opposition to Chinese immigration?

Back 8

By passing the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Front 9

What were the reasons for Latin American immigration to the United States in the late 1800s?

Back 9

Achieving independence from Spain, escaping fighting and disorder, and searching for jobs.

Front 10

Ellis Island

Back 10

where most European immigrants checked into the U.S.

Front 11

Emma Lazarus

Back 11

wrote the poem that graces the base of the Statue of Liberty

Front 12

Immigration Restriction League

Back 12

nativist group that demanded a literacy test to separate the desirable and undesirable immigrants

Front 13

Angel Island

Back 13

Asian immigrants typically checked into the U.S. here

Front 14

Immigrants could only afford to live in _________ which were often dark and dirty and often lacked running water.

Back 14

tenements

Front 15

Factories with overcrowded and dirty workplaces were often referred to as __________.

Back 15

sweatshops

Front 16

Many African Americans encountered ___________ in both the North and the South.

Back 16

racism

Front 17

Why were some areas in cities unhealthy?

Back 17

Diseases and violent crimes.

Front 18

How did settlement houses improve life for people in cities?

Back 18

They provided nurseries, classes in English and citizenship, hot meals, plays, music, and speeches.

Front 19

What type of corruption existed in many city governments?

Back 19

Bribes and padding.

Front 20

How did Congress respond to corruption in business?

Back 20

By passing the Pendleton Civil Service Act.

Front 21

How did Plessy v. Ferguson affect the rights of African Americans?

Back 21

The Supreme Court ruled that public facilities for whites and African Americans could be separate as long as they were equal in quality.

Front 22

What was the effect of the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?

Back 22

It stopped most Chinese immigration into the U.S. and had people believe that Native Americans need to become "civilized" and adopt white farming practices/customs.

Front 23

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory

Back 23

fire here killed 146 people in 1911

Front 24

Jane Addams

Back 24

founded the Hull House, which provided services for the poor people of the neighborhood

Front 25

Cornelius Vanderbilt

Back 25

a "captain of industry" who got rich by investing in railroads

Front 26

Boss William March Tweed

Back 26

famous corrupt New York City leader; he controlled elections and illegally padded city bills

Front 27

Homer Plessy

Back 27

African American who was arrested for attempting to sit in a railroad car that was designated for whites

Front 28

Lincoln Steffens was a __________ who investigated government corruption in American cities.

Back 28

muckraker

Front 29

People who believed in widespread social reforms were called ____________.

Back 29

Progressives

Front 30

The passage of the 18th Amendment brought about a period of time known as ____________.

Back 30

Prohibition

Front 31

Wisconsin was the first state to require a _______________ for an election.

Back 31

direct primary

Front 32

Edith Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony were pioneers in the fight for women's ________.

Back 32

suffrage

Front 33

How did the muckrakers bring about social reform?

Back 33

They showed people the truth about politics and the lives of people living in poverty.

Front 34

What was the goal of the WCTU?

Back 34

To have the sale and transport of alcohol within the U.S. to be illegal.

Front 35

What improvements were made in local and state governments?

Back 35

Direct primary, commissions, city-manager systems, and progressive laws.

Front 36

What were African Americans and women fighting for?

Back 36

They both fought for equality, and women also fought for the right to vote.

Front 37

Some ______ were able to put their competitors out of business by lowering their prices until no one else could compete.

Back 37

trusts

Front 38

Upton Sinclair

Back 38

wrote The Jungle, which described unclean conditions in factories that processed meat

Front 39

Galveston, Texas

Back 39

first to use a commission after it was practically destroyed by a hurricane in 1900

Front 40

W.E.B. Du Bois

Back 40

helped to found the NAACP

Front 41

Theodore Roosevelt

Back 41

set aside nearly 200 million acres of land aside for conservation as President

Front 42

William Taft

Back 42

Roosevelt's Secretary of War who became President in 1909

Front 43

Woodrow Wilson

Back 43

Democratic nominee who won the presidential election of 1912

Front 44

Louis D. Brandeis

Back 44

first Jewish person to serve as a Supreme Court justice

Front 45

Roosevelt had many great accomplishments in the field of _________. He was able to set aside 200 million acres for protection.

Back 45

conservation

Front 46

How did President Roosevelt show his support for Progressive movement?

Back 46

By being a successful writer, cowhand, war hero, and believing that the government should be active in making people's lives better.

Front 47

What was Theodore Roosevelt's vision of government?

Back 47

He believed that the government should be involved in business activities and examine all meat products sold to the public.

Front 48

What were 3 Progressive reforms during Taft's presidency?

Back 48

1) signed the 16th Amendment into law

2) created many national parks and forestland

3) his Attorney General filed more lawsuits against trusts

Front 49

Why did Roosevelt want to defeat Taft in the election of 1912?

Back 49

He was unhappy with how Taft dealt with reforms.

Front 50

What reforms were made during President Wilson's administration?

Back 50

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act, the Federal Reserve Act, and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act.

Front 51

Why was the Federal Reserve Act important?

Back 51

It allowed the government to supervise banks.

Front 52

Lincoln Steffens

Back 52

muckraker who found corruption in city governments

Front 53

Jacob Riis

Back 53

muckraker who photographed tenements and factories in New York City

Front 54

Britain, Germany, and France wanted to build large empires, so they engaged in __________.

Back 54

imperialism

Front 55

Queen Liliuokalani

Back 55

American business owners revolted against her, which resulted in the annexation of Hawaii

Front 56

ateer

Back 56

the Secretary of State who asked for an Open Door policy with China

Front 57

steerage

Back 57

large open area beneath a ship's deck

Front 58

sweatshops

Back 58

factories with overcrowded and dirty workplaces

Front 59

Progressives

Back 59

people who believed in widespread social reforms

Front 60

isolationism

Back 60

policy of staying out of the political affairs of other countries

Front 61

The U.S. preferred to practice _____________, which kept it out of many other countries' foreign affairs.

Back 61

isolationism

Front 62

A _________________ is an area of a country in which another nation has gained trading privileges solely for itself.

Back 62

sphere of influence

Front 63

Why did Americans begin looking outward during the late 1800s?

Back 63

They wanted to encourage economic growth and felt that the U.S. had to colonize and impose its culture with the people they traded with.

Front 64

In what ways did the U.S. begin to expand?

Back 64

By being able to trade with Japan, purchasing Alaska, expanding the navy, controlling/annexing Hawaii, and gaining power in Samoa.

Front 65

What role did business owners play in the annexation of Hawaii?

Back 65

They revolted against Queen Liliuokalani's policy of reducing the power of American planters by asking the U.S. government for help.

Front 66

What was the Open Door policy in China?

Back 66

It was a policy that allowed any nation (even in another country's sphere of influence) to trade in China.

Front 67

Matthew Perry

Back 67

under the president's command, he arrived in Japan demanding that they open trade relations with the U.S.

Front 68

William H. Seward

Back 68

bought Alaska from Russia from $7.2 million

Front 69

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Back 69

the admiral who wrote Influence of Sea Power Upon History