Us History Midterm Review

Front 1

John Locke

Back 1

- writings influenced authors of Declaration of Independence
- natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness)
- social contract
- in favor of limited goverment

Front 2

Rousseau

Back 2

- social contract published 1762
- popular sovereignty

Front 3

Montesquieu

Back 3

- separation of power
- checks and balances
- wrote Spirit of Law (1748)
- influenced constitution

Front 4

Magna Carta

Back 4

- "great charter"
- signed by King John of England
- limits the king's power
- trial by jury
- led to English parliament
- influenced US Constitution and English Bill of Rights

Front 5

Habeus Corpus

Back 5

- judicial order that requires a person to be brought before the court in order to determine if they are being lawfully detained
- prevents imprisonment without trial or just cause
- suspended during the Civil War by Lincoln

Front 6

English Bill of Rights

Back 6

- agreed to by William and Mary
- laid foundation for constitutional monarchy
- ensured supremacy of parliament over monarchy

Front 7

Triangular Trade

Back 7

- maintained colonial economy
1. raw materials are sent from America to Europe
2. manufactured goods are sent from Europe to Africa
3. slaves are sent from Africa to West Indies and America

Front 8

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Back 8

- document written and signed by 41 pilgrims arriving near the New England coast
- agreement to self govern

Front 9

Town Meetings

Back 9

- New England
- only white male landowners vote
- towns people can discuss local issues
- all can attend and express opinion

Front 10

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

Back 10

- first elected representative government appeared in Virginia
- group of wealthy landowners
- imposed taxes and ran the colonies
- modeled after English Parliament

Front 11

Albany Plan of Union

Back 11

-first attempt of the colonies uniting under British rule

Front 12

Salutary Neglect

Back 12

- laws of Great Britain were poorly enforced in the colonies
- no direct governing over the colonies
- sought to benefit from the economic prosperity of the colonies

Front 13

French and Indian War

Back 13

- land dispute over Ohio River Valley
- between French and British troops

Front 14

Stamp Act

Back 14

- printed items were required to have a stamp proving the tax had been paid
- enraged the colonists and led to boycotting

Front 15

Townshed Act

Back 15

- placed tax on glass, tea, lead, paper, and paint
- allowed officers to search homes for evidence of smuggling
- "No Taxation Without Representation"

Front 16

Boston Massacure

Back 16

- clash between British troops and a group of colonists in Boston, Massachusetts
- colonists antagonize British troops
- British open fire on colonists killing 5 people
- used for colonist propaganda
- enrages colonists

Front 17

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Back 17

- pamphlet encouraging colonists to declare independence from Britain
- convinced many undecided colonists to favor independence

Front 18

Independence and New State Constitution

Back 18

- democracy
- seperation of powers
- checks and balances
- bicameral legislature (senate: protects the people, assembly: protects the commoners)

Front 19

Voting Rights

Back 19

- increase belief in equality of social classes
- new state constitution allows all white males to vote

Front 20

New Freedoms

Back 20

Women:
- greater access to education
- more schools for girls
African Americans:
- many obtained freedom in war
- enslaving people did not fit with new ideals of liberty

Front 21

Declaration of Independence

Back 21

- written by Thomas Jefferson
- stated grievances the colonies had against Britain
- justified revolution
- influenced by John Locke

Front 22

Virginia Plan

Back 22

- bicameral legislature
- representation reflect state population
- supported by large states

Front 23

New Jersey Plan

Back 23

- unicameral legislature
- equal representation
- supported by small states who feared losing power in federal goverment

Front 24

The Great Compromise

Back 24

- bicameral legislature made of senate (upper house) and house of representatives (lower house)
- senate has equal representation, each state has two senators
- house of representatives has representatives proportional to population of the state

Front 25

The 3/5th Comprimise

Back 25

- 3/5 of the slave population would count in the overall population of a state for the purpose of representatives and taxation

Front 26

Popular Sovereignty

Back 26

- based on the consent of the people
- people are the ultimate source of power
- people chose leaders to represent them in goverment

Front 27

Legislative Branch

Back 27

- senate and house of representatives
- makes the law

Front 28

Executive Branch

Back 28

- president
- enforces the law

Front 29

Judicial Branch

Back 29

- court system
- interprets the law

Front 30

Checks and Balances

Back 30

- prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful
- each branch has some ability to limit power of the other two
EX: legislative passes a law, executive can veto the law, judicial can declare the law unconstitutional

Front 31

Federalism

Back 31

- the balancing of power between federal and state government within the system
- federal government is superior to state

Front 32

Delegated Powers

Back 32

Powers for national government

Front 33

Reserved Powers

Back 33

Powers for state government

Front 34

Concurrent Powers

Back 34

Powers shared between the state and national government

Front 35

The Unwritten Constitution

Back 35

- refers to the ideas and processes that are accepted as a needed part of American government regardless of the fact that they are not actually written in the constitution
- based on customs, traditions, and precedents
EX: political parties

Front 36

George Washington's Precedents

Back 36

- 2 terms for president
- presidential cabinet
- "Mr. President"
- inaugurated address

Front 37

Andrew Jackson's Spoils System

Back 37

- practice of giving government jobs to those who supported one's political party as a reward
- Jackson fired more than 2,000 government employees and filled their positions with his own supporters

Front 38

Indian Removal Act

Back 38

- forced Native Americans to move West of the Mississippi River
- supposed to be voluntary in theory but political and physical force was used to move Native Americans
- this led to the Trail of Tears

Front 39

Manifest Destiny

Back 39

- belief that if was Americans God given right and duty to expand west to the Pacific coast
- mission to explore, spread American ideals, democracy, and Christianity

Front 40

Sectionalism

Back 40

Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section rather than of the country as a whole