U.s History: Industrialization And Progressive Era

Front 1

Main causes for industrial growth on the late 1800s

Back 1

-population growth
-advances in transportation (first canal system, later railroads, automobiles)
-advances in communication (telegraph)
-new source of energy (oil, electricity)
-rise of corporations (monopolies)

Front 2

Laissez-faire capitalism

Back 2

The idea that government should not interfere in business. This idea allowed businesses to pretty much do whatever they wanted including forming monopoly, using child labor, giving workers little pay and dangerous conditions, and selling unsafe food and medicine to the public.

Front 3

Social Darwinism

Back 3

Also known as "survival of the fittest." This idea said that the rich were rich because they deserved to be rich (they were the "fittest"), while the poor were blamed for being poor (it was their own fault). Social Darwinism was used to justify large economic inequalities (big differences between rich and poor).

Front 4

Robber Barons

Back 4

Unfair business practices.
Ex. Andrew Carnegie & John D. Rockefeller.

Front 5

Labor Unions

Back 5

Organization of workers who united in order to have more power to fight the bosses. Included huge strikes and sometimes turned violent.
Ex. Homestead Strike, Railroad Strike of 1877, Pullman Strike, and Haymarket Riot.

Front 6

Populist Party

Back 6

was a third political party that rose in the 1890s, mainly to promote the interests farmers who were economically hurt by the railroad monopolies and corrupt banking practices.

Front 7

New Immigrants

Back 7

industrial workers from Southern and Eastern Europe. They were culturally different from "old immigrants" (mostly people from northern and western Europe), and suffered a high amount of nativism.
Ex. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which outlawed all immigration from China, for reasons of race.

Front 8

Nativism

Back 8

Prejudice against immigrants

Front 9

Muckrakers

Back 9

Social reformers who wanted the government to fix many of the problem caused by rapid industrialization and urbanization.

Front 10

Consumer Protection

Back 10

People buying food and medicine we're always in danger of getting sick or dying because of unsanitary conditions in the making and packaging of these products.

Reform Actions:
- Upton Sinclair writes The Jungle
-prez Ted Roosevelt demands new consumer protection laws.

Legislation:
-Meat Inspection Act
-Pue Food and Drug Act

Front 11

Working Conditions

Back 11

jobs in many industries were incredibly dangerous and if a worker got hurt it often meant losing the job; pay was low.

Legislation:
- new minimum wage laws
-laws about workers safety

Front 12

Living Conditions

Back 12

Conditions in the cities were extremely dirty, overcrowded and full of disease; most immigrants lived in small, dark tenements

Reform Actions:
-Jane Adams opens the first "settlement house" (city community center)

Legislation:
- new building safety laws

Front 13

Expanding Democracy

Back 13

Government corruption was widespread and regular people had little say in government decisions

Reform Actions:
-Muckrakers expose how businesses controlled the government

Legislation:
-17th amendment (direct elections of senators)
-referendum, recall, secret ballot

Front 14

Business Corruption

Back 14

Monopolies and trusts existed in many industries- consumers suffered from high prices and low quality products.

Reform Actions:
-Teddy Roosevelt proclaims himself the "trust - busting" President

Legislation:
-Federal Reserve Act
-Federal Trade Commission Act
-Clayton Antitrust Act

Front 15

Women's Suffrage

Back 15

Women in most states still did not have the right to vote.

Reform Actions:
- Protests led by Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucretta Mott

Legislation:
- 19th amendment passed on 1920 ( women's right to vote)

Front 16

Conservation

Back 16

Much of the forest land in the U.S was neing destroyed by development and industry

Reform Actions:
- Teddy Roosevelt tells America its natural resources and forests must be protected

Legislation:
-creation of National Forest System- which sets aside land which can never be developed (built on)