Upper Respiratory System

Front 1

Diffusion

Back 1

The mode for gas exchange that occurs in the respiratory system

Front 2

Respiratory membrane

Back 2

Thin barrier of walls of alveolus and capillary

Front 3

Respiratory mucosa

Back 3

Lines air distribution tubes. Mostly pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. More than 125ml of mucus produced each day.

Front 4

Cilia in mucosa

Back 4

Beat only in one direction, moving mucus upward to pharynx for removal

Front 5

The nose structure

Back 5

Air enters respiratory tract through nostrils. Flows into right and left nasal cavities. Nasal septum separates right and left cavities.

Front 6

Olfactory receptors location in nose

Back 6

Nerve endings responsible for sense of smell located in nasal mucosa

Front 7

Nasal polyps

Back 7

Noncanercous growths that project from nasal mucosa. Over time may grow and lead to difficulty breathing and may require surgical removal

Front 8

Sinus drainage for the nose

Back 8

The frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal sinuses drain into nasal cavity

Front 9

Functions of the nose

Back 9

Warms and moistens air. Contain sense organs for smell. Two ducts from lacrimal sacs drain into nasal cavity-collect tears from corner of each eyelid and drain into nasal cavity

Front 10

Structure of pharynx

Back 10

About 12.5cm (5inches) long. Two nasal cavities, mouth, esophagus, larynx, and auditory tubes all have openings into pharynx.

Front 11

Divided structure of pharynx

Back 11

Nasopharynx-uppermost part behind nasal cavities. Oropharynx-part behind the mouth. Laryngopharynx-last or lower part

Front 12

Function of pharynx

Back 12

Passage way for food, liquids, and air. Tonsils-embedded in pharynx provide immune protection

Front 13

Tonsillitis

Back 13

Infection and inflammation of the tonsils

Front 14

Tonsillectomy

Back 14

Botha tonsils removed

Front 15

Structure of larynx

Back 15

Just below pharynx. voice box. Mucous lining. Thyroid cartilage (adams apple) is largest part. Epiglottis partially covers opening into larynx to prevent food from entering trachea

Front 16

Vocal cords

Back 16

Stretch across interior of larynx. Muscles pull on vocal cords to make them relaxed or tense. Tense-higher pitched sounds. Relaxed-lower pitched sounds

Front 17

Function of larynx

Back 17

Air distribution and passageway for air to move to and from lungs. Voice production

Front 18

Laryngeal cancer

Back 18

Risk increases with age and alcohol abuse. Occurs most often in men over 50. If larynx is removed, electric artificial larynx needed for speech

Front 19

Rhinitis (URI)

Back 19

Nasal inflammation swelling of nasal mucosa, as in a cold, influenza, or allergy.

Front 20

Infectious rhinitis

Back 20

Common cold

Front 21

Function of bronchi m, bronchioles, and alveoli

Back 21

Bronchi and bronchioles-passageway of air to and from alveoli. Alveoli-exchange of gases between air and blood.

Front 22

Allergic rhinitis

Back 22

Hay fever

Front 23

Pharyngitis

Back 23

Sore throat-inflammation or infection if the pharynx. May be cause by any of several pathogens

Front 24

Laryngitis

Back 24

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of larynx from infection or irritation. Inflammation accompanied by edema of laryngeal structures

Front 25

Epiglottitis

Back 25

Life threatening condition caused by haemophilus infuenzae type B (hib) infection

Front 26

Croup

Back 26

Not life threatening type of laryngitis caused by parainfluenza viruses producing a barking cough

Front 27

Epistaxis

Back 27

Bloody nose

Front 28

Trachea structure

Back 28

Windpipe about 11cm (4.5 inches). From larynx to bronchi. Mucous lining. 15-20 rings of c-shaped cartilage hold it open. Almost noncollapseable.

Front 29

Function of trachea

Back 29

Passageway for air to move to and from lungs from outside

Front 30

Structure of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Back 30

From trachea to right and left bronchi, to smaller tubes called secondary bronchi, to bronchioles, to clusters of microscopic alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli

Front 31

Infectious rhinitis

Back 31

Common cold

Front 32

Function of bronchi m, bronchioles, and alveoli

Back 32

Bronchi and bronchioles-passageway of air to and from alveoli. Alveoli-exchange of gases between air and blood.

Front 33

Respiratory distress (RDS)

Back 33

Condition caused often by absence or impairment of surfactant in fluid that line alveoli

Front 34

Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)

Back 34

Leading cause of death in premature infants resulting from lack of surfactant production in alveoli

Front 35

Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Back 35

Impairment of surfactant by inhalation of foreign substances or other conditions

Front 36

Structure of lungs

Back 36

Size-large enough to fill the chest except for area for the heart. Apex-narrow upper part of each lung under collarbone. Base-broad lower part of each lung, rests on diaphragm

Front 37

Pleura

Back 37

Moist, smooth, slippery membrane that lines inner surface of rib cage and outer surface of lungs; reduces friction between the lungs and chest wall during breathing

Front 38

Pleurisy

Back 38

Inflammation of the parietal pleura. Caused by rubbing back and forth of visceral and parietal pleura during breathing

Front 39

Allergic rhinitis

Back 39

Hay fever

Front 40

Pharyngitis

Back 40

Sore throat-inflammation or infection if the pharynx. May be cause by any of several pathogens

Front 41

Laryngitis

Back 41

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of larynx from infection or irritation. Inflammation accompanied by edema of laryngeal structures

Front 42

Epiglottitis

Back 42

Life threatening condition caused by haemophilus infuenzae type B (hib) infection

Front 43

Croup

Back 43

Not life threatening type of laryngitis caused by parainfluenza viruses producing a barking cough

Front 44

Epistaxis

Back 44

Bloody nose

Front 45

Trachea structure

Back 45

Windpipe about 11cm (4.5 inches). From larynx to bronchi. Mucous lining. 15-20 rings of c-shaped cartilage hold it open. Almost noncollapseable.

Front 46

Function of trachea

Back 46

Passageway for air to move to and from lungs from outside

Front 47

Structure of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli

Back 47

From trachea to right and left bronchi, to smaller tubes called secondary bronchi, to bronchioles, to clusters of microscopic alveolar ducts, sacs and alveoli