Unit 7 Ap World History

Front 1

Franz Ferdinand

Back 1

an archduke who is assassinated and is a catalyst for the war.

Front 2

Gavrilo Princip

Back 2

the man who kills Archduke Ferdinand

Front 3

Nationalism

Back 3

pride in one’s country

Front 4

Self-determination

Back 4

the idea that the people of the same ethnic origins, language, and political ideas have the right to form sovereign states

Front 5

Ottoman Empire

Back 5

one of the central powers that fought against the Allies and Associated Powers, they succumb to nationalism.

Front 6

Dreadnoughts

Back 6

British super battleships that were uses to maintain naval superiority

Front 7

“Place in the sun”

Back 7

Germany wants to become powerful, refers to the phrase “the sun never sets”

Front 8

Central Powers

Back 8

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire

Front 9

Triple Entente

Back 9

Britain, France, and Russia

Front 10

Schlieffen Plan

Back 10

plan to take out Triple Entente 1-by-1

Front 11

“Blank check”

Back 11

alliance between Serbia and Russia

Front 12

Helmuth Von Moltke

Back 12

predicted future wars would not end with one battle

Front 13

Battle of the Marne

Back 13

Germans thrust toward Paris and stop at Marne

Front 14

Trench warfare

Back 14

trenches ran very long, wars war fought between trenches

Front 15

U-boats

Back 15

boats that are underwater (submarines)

Front 16

“No-man’s land”

Back 16

the land between trenches

Front 17

Dulce et Decorum Est

Back 17

poem written by Wilfred Owen during World War I who later died

Front 18

Total war

Back 18

created a military front and a home front

Front 19

Gallipoli

Back 19

a straight where many Allied navy is attacked and forced to beaches where they suffer man casualties

Front 20

Battle of Verdun

Back 20

Germans try to break deadlock with an assault on the fortress of Verdun, French victory

Front 21

Battle of the Somme

Back 21

British forces counterattack at the Somme. Neither side gains and advantage

Front 22

Zimmermann Telegram

Back 22

a communication between Germany and Mexico for alliance if the U.S enters World War I

Front 23

Russian Revolution

Back 23

Tsar steps down, Russia is no longer a monarchy, power struggle

Front 24

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin

Back 24

steps into place for control of Russia, is a Marxist

Front 25

Bolsheviks

Back 25

the radical wing of the Social Democratic Party

Front 26

Unrestricted submarine warfare

Back 26

Germans often sank neutral merchant ships without first giving a waring as required by international law

Front 27

Battle of Belleau Wood

Back 27

occurred near Marne river in France during Spring Offensive in World War I

Front 28

Meuse-Argonne offensive

Back 28

a major battle of the final allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front

Front 29

Fourteen Points

Back 29

a proposal for a just and enduring post-war peace settlement by Woodrow Wilson

Front 30

Big Four

Back 30

Wilson (U.S), David Lloyd George (Britain), Clemenceau (France), and Orlando (Italy)

Front 31

Versailles Treaty

Back 31

denied Germans a navy and air force and limited the size of the German army to 100,000 troops

Front 32

Article 231

Back 32

referred to as the “War Guilt Case”, introduces Article of Reparation and Treaty of Versailles

Front 33

“Lost generation”

Back 33

the generation that came of age during World War I

Front 34

Karl Barth

Back 34

a notable Christian theologian, wrote a book called Epistle to the Romans that spoke against Christian progressiveness and liberalism

Front 35

Albert Einstein

Back 35

creates theory of special relativity that says space and time are relative to the person measuring them

Front 36

Werner Heisenberg

Back 36

creates the uncertainty principle that says it is impossible to specify simultaneously the position and velocity of as subatomic particle

Front 37

Sigmund Freud

Back 37

creates the psychoanalytic theory that provided the keys to understanding all human behavior

Front 38

Pablo Picasso

Back 38

a painter who was the leading proponent of cubism displayed the influence of African art forms

Front 39

Stock Market Crash

Back 39

a worldwide economic slowdown that resulted in many losing their life savings

Front 40

Economic nationalism

Back 40

governments imposed tariff barriers, import quotas, and import prohibitions to achieve a high degree of economic self-sufficiency.

Front 41

Grapes of Wrath

Back 41

a book written by John Steinbeck that captures the official heartlessness and the rising political anger inspired by the depression

Front 42

John Maynard Keynes

Back 42

writes a book called The General Theory of Employment that provides an answer to the problem that many wanted to work but could not find jobs.

Front 43

New Deal

Back 43

President Franklin Roosevelt’s sweeping economic and social reforms

Front 44

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Back 44

The U.S. president that took aggressive steps to inflate the economy and ease the suffering caused by the depression

Front 45

War Communism

Back 45

a course of nationalization where the Bolshevik government take control or ownership of banks, industry, and other privately held commercial properties

Front 46

New Economic Policy

Back 46

Lenin implements this which temporarily restored the market economy and some private enterprises in Russia

Front 47

Joseph Stalin

Back 47

served in the unglamorous bureaucratic position of general secretary and promoted the idea of socialism in one country

Front 48

Five-Year Plans

Back 48

Stalin replaces Lenin’s NEP program with this ambitious plan for rapid economic development

Front 49

Great Purge

Back 49

known as “Congress of Victims” where Stalin incites a civil war within the party that was climaxed by highly publicized trials of former Bolshevik elites for treason and by purge of two-thirds the delegates

Front 50

Fascism

Back 50

proved attractive to all social classes and focused around invoking the primacy of the state while emphasizing on a belligerent form of nationalism and a fear of foreign people

Front 51

Benito Mussolini

Back 51

he is the guiding force behind Italian fascism, he eventually inaugurated a fascist regime

Front 52

Adolf Hitler

Back 52

he hates Jews and Marxists, despise liberalism and democracy, and becomes chairman of the party known as the National Socialist German Workers Party

Front 53

Nazi Party

Back 53

the National Socialism (Nazi movement) that gains power by promising an end to all Germany’s misfortunes and that Hitler’s new order would bring greatness to Germany

Front 54

Mein Kampf

Back 54

an autobiography by the German National Socialist leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany

Front 55

Anti-semitism

Back 55

prejudice against Jews, was a key element in the designs to achieve a new racial order and become the hallmark of National Socialist rule

Front 56

Mohandas Gandhi

Back 56

steps in to become the leader of India, is one of the most remarkable and charismatic leaders of the twentieth century

Front 57

India Act

Back 57

gave India the institutions of a self-governing state

Front 58

Sun Yatsen

Back 58

a leading opponent of the old regime, proclaimed a Chine republic and briefly assumed the office of president

Front 59

Mao Zedong

Back 59

was a member of the Chine Communist Party, eventually becomes leader of the movement during the Long March

Front 60

Chiang Kai-Shek

Back 60

becomes leader of China after Sun Yatsen’s death, is known for launching Northern Expedition that is aimed to unify the nation

Front 61

Long March

Back 61

a march where communists begin on a long journey to northwestern China which inspires many to join the party

Front 62

Mukden Incident

Back 62

Japanese blow up a few feet of their own rail on the South Manchuria Railway north of Mukden and accuse the Chinese of doing it

Front 63

Rape of Nanjing

Back 63

the horror of the war as residents of Nanjing became victims of Japanese troops inflamed by war passion and a sense of racial superiority

Front 64

Anschluss

Back 64

Germany’s forced union with Austria

Front 65

Neville Chamberlain

Back 65

the prime minister of Britain, attends the Munich Conference and aid that the meeting had achieved “peace for our time”

Front 66

Munich Conference

Back 66

European politicians formulate a policy that came to be known as the appeasement. The meeting revealed how most nations outside the revisionist sphere had decided to deal with territorial expansion by aggressive nations such as Germany

Front 67

Blitzkrieg

Back 67

a German term for “lightning war,” blitzkrieg is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower

Front 68

Dunkirk

Back 68

troops are surrounded here, ordinary citizens get their boats and get 380,000 out of 500,000 military troops out of it across to Europe

Front 69

Battle of Britain

Back 69

Germans launch this battle led by Luftwaffe (German air-force) and hoped to win through air attacks. Britain calls this wat “The Blitz” where bombs are rained on metropolitan areas killing many civilians

Front 70

Operation Barbarossa

Back 70

Hitler orders his army to invade Russia (Soviet Union)

Front 71

Leningrad, Moscow, Stalingrad

Back 71

called the three-prong attack. In Leningrad 630,000 starve for 900 days, in Moscow there is the “scorched earth” policy by the soviets, and Stalingrad is the turning point of the war in the East

Front 72

Lebensraum

Back 72

refers to conceptions and policies of a form of settler colonialism connected with agrarianism that existed in Germany

Front 73

Pearl Harbor

Back 73

Japanese attack at Pearl Harbor Hawaii to destroy American Naval Capacity killing 2,400, destroying/damaging 18 ships, and destroying/damaging 3,267 aircraft

Front 74

Battle of the Coral Sea

Back 74

this battle stops Japanese expansion south

Front 75

Battle of Midway

Back 75

is the turning point in the war, U.S. destroys 4 Japanese carriers

Front 76

Battle of Guadalcanal

Back 76

in this battle, islands are captured and used to bomb other things around them

Front 77

Operation Torch

Back 77

is the invasion of North Africa, is a tank war

Front 78

Operation Husky

Back 78

is the invasion of Sicily, Italy, Italy surrenders and Germans take over, Rome later falls

Front 79

Operation Overlord

Back 79

is a huge mission ran by Eisenhower which liberates Paris

Front 80

Iwo Jima

Back 80

U.S. captures this island

Front 81

Okinawa

Back 81

in this battle, the U.S Is introduced to kamikaze pilots

Front 82

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Back 82

the atomic bomb is used against these cities, the atomic bombs either killed by vaporizing or radiation poisoning, Japan surrenders after this

Front 83

Einsatzgruppen

Back 83

were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass killings, primarily by shooting, during World War II

Front 84

Wannsee Conference

Back 84

fifteen leading Nazi bureaucrats gathered to discuss and coordinate the implementation of the final solution

Front 85

Final Solution

Back 85

entailed the attempted murder of every Jew living in Europe by moving them into camps where they would be worked to death or exterminated

Front 86

Yalta Conference

Back 86

discussed Europe's post-war reorganization because it was completely destroyed

Front 87

Truman Doctrine

Back 87

U.S. will give $500 million to Greece and Turkey to rebuild if they resist Communism

Front 88

Marshall Plan

Back 88

Us will give $13 billion to all countries in Europe if they resist Communism

Front 89

NATO & Warsaw Pact

Back 89

NATO is the alliance of other countries with the U.S and the Warsaw Pact is the alliance of Russia and their allies

Front 90

Containment and Domino Theory

Back 90

the U.S needs to contain Communism so it does not spread

Front 91

Berlin Blockade

Back 91

blocks anyone from entering or exiting Berlin, starves the people inside, the Berlin airlift is used to get supplies inside Berlin

Front 92

Berlin Wall

Back 92

a barrier that divided east and west Berlin

Front 93

Korean War

Back 93

North Korea attacks South Korea

Front 94

Bay of Pigs

Back 94

a failed military invasion of Cuba by the CIA

Front 95

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 95

U.S. blockades Cuba, the USSR provides Cuba with Nuclear weapons, since Cuba is close to U.S., if they launch a nuclear weapon, the U.S. won’t be prepared

Front 96

Space Race

Back 96

the soviets create the ICBM and launch the Sputnik leading to the U.S. following resulting in the creation of NASA and the U.S. landing on the moon

Front 97

Nikita Khrushchev

Back 97

a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War

Front 98

Prague Spring

Back 98

a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II

Front 99

Détente

Back 99

a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began

Front 100

Vietnam War

Back 100

Resistance War Against America or simply the American War

Front 101

Mikhail Gorbachev

Back 101

leader of the Soviet Union who arose and helped bring an end to the Cold War

Front 102

Perestroika and Glasnost

Back 102

Perestroika is a political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Glasnost is Mikhail Gorbachev’s policy reform