Unit 2: Matter And Chemical Change

Front 1

Chemistry

Back 1

The study of the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes

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Caustic

Back 2

An agent that burns or destroys living tissue

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Heterogenous

Back 3

A mixture in which the particles are not uniformly scattered; does not have a uniform composition

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Homogenous

Back 4

A mixture in which the particles are uniformly scattered

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Physical Change

Back 5

Change in form but not in chemical composition; no new substances are formed

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Chemical Change

Back 6

A change in which one or more new chemical substances are formed

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Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 7

In a chemical change, the total mass of the new substance is always the same as the total mass of the original substances

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Law of Definite Composition

Back 8

Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed (or definite) proportions

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Electrolysis

Back 9

The process of decomposing a chemical compound by passing an electric current through it

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Dalton's Atomic Theory

Back 10

States that: All matter is made up of small particles called atoms; atoms can not be created, destroyed, or divided into smaller particles; all atoms of the same element are identical in size and mass. Atoms of one element are different in size and mass from the atoms of other elements; compounds are created when atoms of different elements link together in definite proportions

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Element

Back 11

A pure substance made up of one type of particle, cannot be broken down into simpler substance by means of chemical change

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Compounds

Back 12

Pure substance that are made up of two or more elements chemically combined together; can be broken down into elements again by chemic means

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Electrons

Back 13

Negatively charged particles

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Atomic Nucleus

Back 14

The center of the atom; contains the protons and neutrons

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Proton

Back 15

Negatively charged particle found inside the atomic nucleus

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Neutrons

Back 16

Uncharged particles in the atomic nucleus

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Element Symbols

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One or more letters used to represent the name of a substance (e.g, O is the symbol for Oxygen)

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Chemical Family

Back 18

A group of related elements that have similar properties

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Atomic Mass

Back 19

The average mass of an atom of an element

Front 20

Atomic Number

Back 20

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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Mass Number

Back 21

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

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Ionic Compund

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Formed when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms

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Molecular Compund

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Formed when atoms share electrons

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Chemical Formula

Back 24

A formula that shows the number and types of atoms in a formula

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Molecule

Back 25

Smallest independent unit of a pure substance, generally a cluster of atoms joined together

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Diatomic Molecules

Back 26

Molecules made of two atoms of the same element

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Binary Compounds

Back 27

Compounds made of two elements

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Conductivity

Back 28

The ability of a substance to carry an electric current

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Chemical Reaction

Back 29

A process in which a substance is changed into one or more new substances

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Reactants

Back 30

The substances that go into a chemical reaction

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Products

Back 31

The substances produced by a chemical reaction

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Exothermic

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A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released to the surroundings

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Endothermic

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A chemical reaction in which heat energy is taken from the surroundings

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Reaction Rate

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A measure of how fast a reaction occurs

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Catalyst

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A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up in a reaction

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Enzyme

Back 36

A special protein molecule that regulates chemical reactions in living organisms

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Inhibitors

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Substances that slow down or prevent chemical reactions

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Corrosion

Back 38

A process whereby metals or stone are chemically degraded or broken down

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Rust

Back 39

Iron oxide, a product of the chemical reaction of iron, oxygen, and moisture

Front 40

Galvanization

Back 40

The process of protecting metals by coating them with a thin layer of zinc

Front 41

Combustion

Back 41

The highly exothermic combination of a substamce with oxygen; requires heat, oxygen, and fuel