Unit 2 Key Terms

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1.Land Ordinance 1785

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-goal was to raise money in the sale of land from the territory west of the colonies acquired from Britain after the Revolutionary war
-adopted by congress since they didn't have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation
-addressed political need of how the land would become states, governed and settled

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2.Shay’s Rebellion

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-armed uprising from 1786-7
-Daniel shays led the rebel
-poor western farmers seek debt relief through paper currency and lower taxes
-prevented courts from seizing property and so forced the closure of property
-caused reevaluation of Articles of Confederation
-democracy impulse "gotten out of hand"

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3.Northwest Ordinance

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-aka freedom ordinance
-passed in 1787
-created the (organized) northwest territory
-gave admissions to new states rather than the expansion of existing ones
-banning of slavery in territory set the balance between the slave and free states

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4. Great Compromise

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-agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention in 1789 and from Shay's rebellion
-defined the representation and structure of each state under the constitutioin
-called for a bicameral legislature, setting up the House of representatives and US senate
joined the Virginia and Jersey Plan

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5. Electoral College

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-citizens elected representatives or electors who elect the president and vice president-an indirect election
-12th Amendment provides an elector to only one vote for a president and vice president
-protect smaller states

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6. Elastic Clause

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-aka necessary and proper cause
-Article 1 sect. 8 of constitution: "enumerated power" of congress
=The Congress shall have Power - To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.=

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- THE GREAT AWAKENING

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-revival of state of religion
-pressured by influence of the Enlightenment and Isaac Newtons Principia of Mathematica in 17 c.
-In Massachusetts as early as1679
-sparked in New England

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- Iron Act of 1750

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-restricted manufactoring activities for the english colonies
-legistlative measure by the british parliamant
-encourage manufactoing in Great Britain

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- indentured servant

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-labor under contract by employer
-usually 3-7 years in exchange for food, shelter, etc

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-George Washington

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-commander of continental army during revolutionary war
-served as first president of the united states

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- Proclamation of 1763

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- after the French and Indian War of 1763 the proclamation closed off the frontier to colonial expansion
-the king issued it to calm the indians fears and regulate the colonists which in return angered the colonists

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7. Hamilton's financial plan

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- to pay back the 50 million dollars Hamilton agreed to pay back the war bonds during the American Revolution and replace them with new government bonds
-by raising revenues he wanted to pay off war debts to create a national bank

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8. Whiskey Rebbellion

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-citizenry were infurriated because during Washington's presidency the government decided to impose a whiskey tax to help the national dept after the -1791revolutionary war-farmers or the producers were directly taxed rather than the consumers

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9. Washington's farewell adress

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-Washington wrote during the end of his second term to "the people of the united states" before his retirement to mount Vernon-Washington's valedictory after serving 45 yrs.- first published in 1796

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10. Citizen Genet

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-Edmund-Charles
-French ambassador during the French Revolution
-promoted American support in 1793 for France's war with Spain and england

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11. Jay's Treaty

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It was signed in the hopes of settling the growing conflicts between the U.S. and Britain. It dealt with the Northwest posts and trade on the Mississippi River

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12. Pinckney's Treaty

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Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans

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13. XYZ Affair

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This was a diplomatic scandal which took place from March of 1797 to 1800 in which three French agents, demanded a $12 million loan from the United States, and a formal apology for comments made by U.S. President John Adams

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14. Compact Theory (States Rights)

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It was the belief that federal government acted as the states agent and that states can declare federal laws unconstitutional

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15. Revolution of 1800

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Jefferson’s election victory changed the direction of the government from Federalist to Democratic- Republican without incidence."

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16. Virginia and Kentucky Resolution

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Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional

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17. Juidicial Review

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This was the power given to the Supreme Court to decide the constitutionality of a law passed by congress

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18. Louisiana Purchase

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Jefferson was interested in the territory because it would give the U.S. the Mississippi River and New Orleans (both were valuable for trade and shipping) and also room to expand.

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19. Impressment

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British seamen often deserted to join the American merchant marines. The British would board American vessels in order to retrieve the deserters, and often seized any sailor who could not prove that he was an American citizen and not British

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20. Embargo Act

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This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade

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21. Non-Intercourse Act

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Replaced the Embargo of 1807, unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain.

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22. Macon's Bill no.2

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Forbade trade with Britain and France, but offered to resume trade with whichever nation lifted its neutral trading restrictions first

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23. War Hawks

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Western settlers who advocated war with Britain because they hoped to acquire Britain’s northwest posts-term originally used to describe members of the House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against Great Britain in the War of 1812.

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24. Hartford Convention

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This turned public sentiment against the Federalists and led to the demise of the party-event in 1814–1815 in the United States during the War of 1812 in which New England's opposition to the war reached the point where secession from the United States was discussed

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25 Treaty of Ghent

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Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner-signed in 1814