Apush Unit 1 Key Terms

Front 1

Plymouth Colony

Back 1

WHO: separatists, Pilgrims
WHAT: one of the first English colonial settlements
WHERE: Virginia
SIGNIFICANCE: refuge for religious persecution in England; first colony to be established in Northern Virginia

Front 2

Mayflower Compact

Back 2

WHO: written by the colonists
WHAT: 1st governing document of the Plymouth colony
WHERE: Americas
SIGNIFICANCE: set up governmental laws

Front 3

Headright System

Back 3

WHO: settlers, immigrants
WHAT: grant of land to immigrants or to those who pay for laborers’/servants’ transportation
WHERE: thirteen British Colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: helped expansion of British colonies and encouraged immigration

Front 4

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639

Back 4

WHO: british
WHAT: established boundary between Indian and colonial lands
WHERE: americas
SIGNIFICANCE: established orderly way to continue western expansion

Front 5

Mecantilism

Back 5

WHO: European economists
WHAT: prosperity of a nation depended on its capital supply
WHERE: Europe, America
SIGNIFICANCE: determined country’s wealth and influenced imperialism

Front 6

Triangular Trade

Back 6

WHO: West Africa, European colonial powers, and American colonies/Caribbean
WHAT: trade of slaves, rum/manufactured goods, and sugar/tobacco
WHERE: Europe, Africa, America
SIGNIFICANCE: brought national identity to colonial America

Front 7

The Great Awakening

Back 7

WHO: Christians
WHAT: Anglo-American religious revival; spiritual growth
WHERE: United States
SIGNIFICANCE: brought national identity to Colonial America

Front 8

Iron Act

Back 8

WHO: English in America
WHAT: restrict colonial manufacturing
WHERE: British colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: monopolized the iron industry in Britain's benefit

Front 9

Indentured Servants

Back 9

WHO: white immigrants, slaves, laborers
WHAT: debt bondage; work for limited amount of time
WHERE: North America; Caribbean
SIGNIFICANCE: used violence and was a source of labor for many in the British colonies

Front 10

George Washington

Back 10

WHO: George Washington
WHAT: Great leader of British colonies, esp. through the Revolution
WHERE: 13 colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: 1st president of the United States

Front 11

Proclamation of 1763

Back 11

WHO: British govt. (used it), settlers (were affected)
WHAT: Close off territories due to Indian tensions
WHERE: west of Appalachians
SIGNIFICANCE: ignored by settlers who continued to encroach on this land

Front 12

Salutary Neglect

Back 12

WHO: British, Colonists
WHAT: policy of neglect created by English prime minister George Grenville
WHERE: Americas
SIGNIFICANCE: left colonies to form own govt.; they became more independent

Front 13

Stamp Act of 1765

Back 13

WHO: Brit. Govt. (imposed), Settlers (were affected)
WHAT: tax on all printed papers/documents
WHERE: British Colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: increased American dissent of British taxes

Front 14

Stamp Act Congress

Back 14

WHO: delegates from 9 of the 13 colonies
WHAT: meeting discussing the Stamp Act
WHERE: Federal Hall in NYC
SIGNIFICANCE: represented the feelings of the colonists (resented the Stamp Act)

Front 15

Sons of Liberty

Back 15

WHO: American patriots, rebels against British
WHAT: secret organization
WHERE: Thirteen Colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: stirred resentment of Britain and American Revolution

Front 16

Committees Of Correspondence

Back 16

WHO: govts of the 13 colonies
WHAT: bodies planning collective action
WHERE: American colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: yielded different interpretation of British actions

Front 17

Boston Massacre

Back 17

WHO: British Troops, 5 civilians
WHAT: 5 civilians killed by troops
WHERE: Boston, Massachusetts
SIGNIFICANCE: stirred rebellion and eventually the American Revolution

Front 18

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts 1774

Back 18

WHO: British Parliament
WHAT: British laws stating British Parliament had control over colonies
WHERE: British colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: Outraged colonists

Front 19

Second Continental Congress 1775

Back 19

WHO: delegates from 13 colonies
WHAT: convention concerning the Revolution
WHERE: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
SIGNIFICANCE: adopted Declaration of Independence

Front 20

Northwest Ordinance

Back 20

WHO: Congress
WHAT: formation of Northwest Territory
WHERE: Northwest Territory (Ohio area)
SIGNIFICANCE: first organized territory south of Great Lakes

Front 21

Declaration of Independence

Back 21

WHO: members of Continental Congress, Jefferson
WHAT: statement declaring that America was independent
WHERE: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
SIGNIFICANCE: announced America's independence and separation from Britain

Front 22

Common Sense

Back 22

WHO: Thomas Paine
WHAT: pamphlet encouraging independence
WHERE: colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: argued for independence from British Rule

Front 23

Shays' Rebellion

Back 23

WHO: Daniel Shays, poor farmers
WHAT: armed uprising against debt and taxes
WHERE: Western Massachusetts
SIGNIFICANCE: reconsidered Articles of Confederation and gave more power to states

Front 24

Implied Powers (Elastic Clause)

Back 24

WHO: Congress
WHAT: clause in Article One of the United States Constitution
WHERE: Colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: granted a certain amount of executive power to Congress

Front 25

Great Compromise

Back 25

WHO: large and small states
WHAT: agreement on representation of each state
WHERE: Philadelphia Convention
SIGNIFICANCE: Resulted in Senate and House of representatives

Front 26

Jamestown

Back 26

Who: English colonists
What: the first colonial venture by England
Where: the Americas
Significance: was the first long-lasting colonial settlement in the Americas by the English

Front 27

John Smith

Back 27

Who: John Smith
What: leader in the Jamestown colony
Where: in the Americas
Significance: created organization of government and labor in the colony

Front 28

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 28

Who: the colonists; led by Nathaniel Bacon
What: an uprising in 1674
Where: in the Virginia Colony
Significance: was the first rebellion in the Americans in which discontented frontiersmen took part

Front 29

Massachusetts Bay Company

Back 29

Who: the colonists
What: was an English settlement in the Americans in the 17th century
Where: on the east coast North America
Significance: was the first colonial settlement established in the Americas by the Puritans; created laws and an orderly government centered around the church

Front 30

Roger Williams

Back 30

Who: Roger Williams, an English theologian
What: an important colonial leader in the 1600s
Where: in the American colonies
Significance: was an advocate of religious toleration, the separation of church and state, and peaceful Native American relations

Front 31

Anne Hutchinson

Back 31

Who: Anne Hutchinson
What: a colonial settler in the Americas in the 1600s
Where: in the Massachusetts Colony
Significance: was the unauthorized minister of a church discussion group; she held Bible meetings for women, which troubled the men of the colonies

Front 32

Pequot War

Back 32

Who: the colonists and the native tribes nearby
What: an armed conflict in 1634-1638
Where: in Southern New England in the Americas
Significance: the conflict eliminated the entire Pequot tribe and introduced the Native Americans to a more extreme form of war

Front 33

Declaratory Act

Back 33

Who: created by Parliament for the colonists
What: an act that asserted Parliament's authority over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"
Where: in the Americas
Significance: it convinced most of the colonists that the British were tyrants and that they needed to break away from them quickly

Front 34

Quartering Act

Back 34

Who: the colonists and the English
What: an act that required the colonists to give quarters to the British troops stationed there
Where: in the Americas
Significance: it angered the colonists even more and helped to push them to the brink of their patience

Front 35

Townshend Act

Back 35

Who: created by Charles Townshend and enforced on the colonists
What: it levied new taxes on various goods imported from England
Where: in the Americas
Significance: it made the colonists angry with their mother country

Front 36

Tea Act

Back 36

Who: the British and the colonists
What: a tax established by the British on most exports shipped to the colonies
Where: in the Americas
Significance: it angered the colonists and provoked the Boston Tea Party

Front 37

Boston Tea Party

Back 37

Who: the colonists and the British traders
What: an event in which colonists dressed up as Native Americans, took over the British ships in the Boston Harbor, and dumped all of Britain's tea into the harbor
Where: in Boston in the Massachusetts Colony
Significance: displayed the colonists' feelings of discontent with the British

Front 38

Samuel Adams

Back 38

Who: Samuel Adams (1722-1803)
What: a statesman, political philosopher, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States
Where: in the colonies
Significance: was a leader of the American Revolution; was one of the contributors to the principles of American republicanism

Front 39

King William's War

Back 39

Who: the English, French, and their allies
What: a war between England, France, and their respective allies in the colonies of Canada, Acadia, and New England
Where: in North America
Significance: it pushed the France out of North America and left the British with France's previous lands

Front 40

Queen Anne's War

Back 40

Who: the English, French, and their allies
What: a war fought for control of the land in North America
Where: in the Americas
Significance: Britain gained more land from the French

Front 41

Peace of Utrecht

Back 41

Who: those who fought in the French and Indian Wars
What: a document comprised of a series of individual peace treaties signed in Utrecht in 1713
Where: in the Dutch city of Utrecht in the Americas
Significance: helped end the War of Spanish Succession; ceded land from several of those who fought

Front 42

War of Jenkin's Ear

Back 42

Who: Britain and Spain
What: a conflict that lasted from 1739 to 1748
Where: in the Americas
Significance: the war later merged into the War of Spanish Succession

Front 43

Paxton Boys

Back 43

Who: colonists
What: a group of young boys who demanded relief from colonial (and British) taxes and for money to help defend themselves from the Indians
Where: Pennsylvania
Significance: revealed the tension between the established societies of the Atlantic coast and the unstable settlements of the western frontier

Front 44

Grenville's Program

Back 44

Who: George Grenville and the colonists
What: a series of acts and laws enacted by George Grenville, the British prime minister
Where: in the colonies
Significance: it left the colonists with discontent with the British government

Front 45

Patrick Henry

Back 45

Who: Patrick Henry (1736-1799)
What: was the first post-colonial governor of Virginia and was a prominent figure in the American Revolution
Where: in the colonies
Significance: was the one who gave the famous "give me liberty" speech and was one of the Founding Fathers of America

Front 46

Sons of Liberty

Back 46

Who: colonists
What: an organization of discontented colonists who terrorized those who worked for or supported Britain
Where: in the colonies
Significance: caused the sale of stamps in the colonies to virtually stop; riled up those who were angry with the British

Front 47

Daughters of Liberty

Back 47

Who: colonists
What: a group of women who successfully boycotted several British goods
Where: in the colonies
Significance: helped the Continental Congress make the decision to boycott all British goods; enthusiastic supporters of the Patriots

Front 48

Crispus Attucks

Back 48

Who: Crispus Attucks
What: was one of the five men killed during the Boston Massacre
Where: in Boston, Massachusetts
Significance: was probably the first black man to die in the struggle for American independence

Front 49

John Adams

Back 49

Who: John Adams
What: was an American politician, the second president of the United States of America, and one of the Founding Fathers
Where: in the colonies
Significance: was a main contributor to the strength and bravery of the American Revolution

Front 50

Carolina Regulators

Back 50

Who: colonists
What: a small-scale civil war that broke out; the Regulators were farmers who organized an opposition to the high taxes that local sheriffs collected
Where: in the Carolina upcountry
Significance: showed the anger and discontent with all forms of government that most colonists felt at that time

Front 51

Battle of Alamance

Back 51

WHO: Regulators and local govt
WHAT: battle on taxes and local control
WHERE: North Carolina
SIGNIFICANCE: ending to "War of the Regulation"

Front 52

First Continental Congress (1774)

Back 52

WHO: 12 delegates
WHAT: meeting
WHERE: Philadelphia
SIGNIFICANCE: sought to "right the wrongs" and hoped to have voice in Parliament

Front 53

Suffolk Resolves

Back 53

WHO: leaders of suffolk county
WHAT: declaration
WHERE: Suffolk County, Massachusetts
SIGNIFICANCE: lead to Declaration of Independence

Front 54

Galloway Plan

Back 54

WHO: Joseph Galloway
WHAT: a plan about forming an American Parliament that would work together with British Parliament
WHERE: First Continental Congress (Colonies)
SIGNIFICANCE: would have kept British empire together but still give some say to colonies

Front 55

Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)

Back 55

WHO: British vs. colonies
WHAT: battles at start of Revolution
WHERE: Middlesex County, Massachusetts
SIGNIFICANCE: first military engagements of the Revolutionary War

Front 56

Paul Revere and William Dawes

Back 56

WHO: Paul Revere and William Dawes
WHAT: Midnight ride to warn of British movements
WHERE: Boston to Lexington
SIGNIFICANCE: protected the colonists from a near-future attack from the British

Front 57

Second Continental Congress

Back 57

WHO: delegates from the Thirteen Colonies
WHAT: meeting after the first shootings of the American Revolutionary War
WHERE: Philadelphia
SIGNIFICANCE: Yielded the Declaration of Independence

Front 58

Slavery Clause in the Declaration of Independence

Back 58

WHO: Jefferson (writer) and slaves
WHAT: clause in the Declaration of Independence condemning slavery
WHERE: Thirteen Colonies
SIGNIFICANCE: was deleted because it would have ruined the economy; supported the statement "all men are created equal"

Front 59

Somersett Case (in Great Britain)

Back 59

WHO: James Somersett
WHAT: case determining whether Somersett's imprisonment in England was legal
WHERE: Great Britain
SIGNIFICANCE: ruled slavery in England as unlawful (but not in other parts of the British Empire)

Front 60

Quock Walker Case - Massachusetts

Back 60

WHO: Quock Walker
WHAT: case in which Walker sued and won his freedom
WHERE: Massachusetts
SIGNIFICANCE: recognized for abolishing slavery

Front 61

Benedict Arnold

Back 61

WHO: Benedict Arnold
WHAT: former general during the Revolutionary War
WHERE: America
SIGNIFICANCE: betrayed America and unsuccessfully tried to surrender a fort to British

Front 62

Continental Army

Back 62

WHO: American Army
WHAT: Army formed after American Revolutionary War
WHERE: America
SIGNIFICANCE: fought for American independence against Britain in Revolutionary War

Front 63

Native Americans in the Revolutionary War

Back 63

WHO: Native Americans
WHAT: Natives fought alongside British forces against Americans
WHERE: America
SIGNIFICANCE: turned odds toward British during the Revolution

Front 64

Black Americans in the Revolutionary War

Back 64

WHO: African Americans
WHAT: many sided with British in hopes of freedom, but some sided with Americans
WHERE: America
SIGNIFICANCE: turned odds toward British in the Revolutionary War