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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Vyshnegradsky attempt to increase in order to build state capital?
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Import tariffs, Grain Exports, Indirect Taxes and Loans from abroad.
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How high were import tariffs in 1891?
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The 1891 Tariff Act set them at 33%
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How did Vyshnegradsky attempt to increase grain exports?
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By forcing peasants to sell grain to the state
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Give an example of a loan from abroad which Vyshnegradsky facilitated?
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France in 1888
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Did Grain exports increase, and what impact did this have on the deficit?
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YES: they increased by 18% (1881-91) and by 1892, the budget was in surplus.
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What were the impacts on the peasants?
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They suffered due to the heavy taxation, high goods prices and grain requisition.
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What ended Vyshnegradsky's time as finance minister?
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A famine from 1891-92 after a bad harvest killed c. 350,000 and Vyshnegradsky was dismissed
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What did Witte prioritise? |
Heavy industry; his policies did not aim to improve the lives of agricultural workers etc |
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Name some of the actions that Witte took. |
A new rouble set to the gold standard was created; heavy investment into railways; foreign experts and workers brought in; foreign investment was encouraged. |
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Result of the new rouble... |
The new rouble increased confidence in foreign investors, such as the Rothschild family. |
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Impact of the investment in railways... |
The railways opened up the interior of Russia, connecting agricultural areas to ports and cities. Goods transport and exporting was made far easier. |
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What were some of the improvements in industry? |
Coal and Iron were significantly boosted, and by 1901 one half of the world's oil came from Baku. |
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What was the rate of growth reached during Witte's tenure? |
8% |
