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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the morphological features of Trypanosomes
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- Kinetoplasts found within the single mitochondria
- Glycosomes - Have a large array of subpelicullar microtubules |
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What are the two methods of invertebrate development within Trypanosomes
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Anterior station development is if the parasite develops within the anterior portion of the invertebrate’s digestive system (Section Salivaria)
Posterior station development is the parasite develops within the posterior portion of the invertebrate’s digestive system (Section Stercoraria) |
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What are the major families of Kinetoplasta
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Family Bodinidae
Family Trypanosomatidae |
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What are the three subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei
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Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense |
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What parasite causes nagana and what are its symptoms
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Caused by: Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Anemia, edema, watery eyes and nose, fever. - Emaciation, paralysis - Death with 2 weeks |
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Which parasites cause each form of African sleeping sickness and where are they predominantly found
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Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: West and central Africa, chronic form.
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: East and central Africa, acute form. |
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Where is T. brucei rhodesiense and gambiense found within the host
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These are extracellular parasites: usually found in the blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and cerebrospinal fluid
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What are the specific signs of the acute form of African Sleeping Sicking
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- Resides in blood and lymph channels.
- Severe and rapid weight loss, heart involvement - Death 1 month after infection - No infection of central nervous system. |
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What are the first symptoms of African Sleeping Sickness
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- The first sign of the disease is painful sore after 1-2 weeks at the site of the initial infection
- Intermittent fever - Congested lymph nodes in neck, groin, and legs leading to swelling (Winterbottom’s sign) |
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What are the specific signs of the cronic form of African Sleeping Sicking
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Rash, weight loss, headaches, muscle and joint aches, and fatigue. Sleep during day, awake at night.
Untreated, parasite infects CNS tissues - Paralysis, apathy, mental dullness. - Coma and death, usually from malnutrition, heart failure, pneumonia, or severe falls. |
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What is the GPI anchor
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- The anchor attaching VSG to the parasites membrane
- allows for dense packing of molecule on the surface of the parasite |
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What is the Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG)
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Made of a single protein, 65 kDA, forms dimers.
- Outer domain is highly variable & immunogenic, and distinguishes clones in successive parasitemia peaks. - covers non-variant proteins like transferrin receptor/ hexose transporter - coded by 20% of the genome, one expressed at any given time, and transcribed by Pol I |
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What are the treatments for African Sleeping Sickness
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- arsenical drugs such as Melarsoprol (trivalent arsenic)
- suramin, pentamidine, berenil. - DMFO: difluoromethylornithine. - Poor prognosis if brain is infected - Diet rich in lipid limits infection and may have protective effect. |
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What is Trypanosoma rangeli
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Found in Guatemala, Venezuala, Columbia, Salvador, Panama, and Chile.
- Infects Dogs, cats, monkeys, and humans o Not pathogenic in humans - Has a Hindgut development |
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What is Schyzotrypanum cruzi/Trypanosoma cruzi
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Parasite that causes American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
- Third most common parasitic disease. - 12-19 million infections/year in S. and Central America. - Present in N. America (Maryland, Georgia, Florida, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, California, Alabama, and Louisiana) |
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What is the vector of T. cruzi
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Family: reduvidae
Subfamily: Triatominae Common name: cone-nose bug |
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What are T. cruzi's developmental forms
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Amastigote: found in host, ovoid, pseudocysts.
Promastigote: Rarely observed, flagellum and kinetoplast anterior to nucleus. Epimastigote: Insect stage, short undulating membrane Trypomastigote: Circulate in blood stream, slender with pointed posterior. Metacyclic trypomastigote: infective stage, found in feces of the vector. |
