Trizna Cpush Flashcards

Front 1

Proclamation of 1763

Back 1

• Line created by British that colonists could not cross (Appalachian Mountains).
• Created to prevent conflicts between colonists and Native Americans.
  
• Upset colonists.

Front 2

French and Indian War

Back 2

• Colonists fought with Britain against France and its Indian allies
• Britain took control of Ohio River Valley
  

Front 3

Mercantilism

Back 3

• Economic theory that colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country
• Colonies provide natural resources
• Britain did not want colonies manufacturing their own goods
• A country wants to export more than it imports
  

Front 4

New England Colonies

Back 4

• Trading and fishing
• Rocky soil – no plantations or slaves
  

Front 5

Southern Colonies

Back 5

• Plantations and slaves
  
• Warm, temperate environment

Front 6

Common Sense

Back 6

• Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine
• Kings are bad – colonies need independence

Front 7

Natural Rights

Back 7

• Rights that all people are born with (John Locke’s Enlightenment Idea)
• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• Included in the Declaration of Independence
  
• If a government violates these rights, they have the right to overthrow the gov't (Declaration of Independence)

Front 8

Self-Government (Examples)

Back 8

• Mayflower Compact
• Virginia House of Burgesses
• New England Town Halls
• Early forms of democracy or republics
  

Front 9

Declaration of Independence

Back 9

• Written by Thomas Jefferson (oh yeah!)
• Declared colonies’ independence from Britain
• Included colonial grievances and natural rights

Front 10

Revolutionary War

Back 10

• War between Britain and the colonists
• Taxation without Representation
• America won its Independence from Britain
  

Front 11

Articles of Confederation

Back 11

• First plan for government (Shays' Rebellion - Rebellion in MA that exposed weaknesses)
• Failed and replaced by Constitution
• National government too weak & State governments too powerful
• National government couldn’t collect taxes
  

Front 12

Land Ordinances (1785, 1787)

Back 12

• Land Ordinance of 1785 & Northwest Ordinance
• Set a pattern of development of new territories/states
• Provided guidelines for new states to be admitted
  

Front 13

Constitution

Back 13

1. A written plan for government
2. Replaced the Articles of Confederation
3. Gave more power to the national government
   

Front 14

Federalists

Back 14

1. favored a strong national (federal) government
2. Supported the Constitution
3. Wrote the Federalist Papers to gain support for the Constitution
4. Led by Hamilton
   

Front 15

Anti-Federalists

Back 15

1. Favored strong state governments
2. Opposed ratification of Constitution until a Bill of Rights was added
3. Led by Jefferson
   

Front 16

Alexander Hamilton

Back 16

1. Wanted a National Bank
2. Had a plan to get rid of the National Debt
3. Wanted to strengthen America’s economy
   

Front 17

Cabinet

Back 17

1. President’s advisors
2. Chosen by the President
3. Example of Unwritten Constitution (not explicitly in the Constitution)
4. Head of national departments (Ex. Secretary of State)
   

Front 18

Federalism

Back 18

• Power is shared between the states and the national government
• Reserved Powers = State Powers
• Delegated Powers = National powers

Front 19

Checks and Balances

Back 19

• Ways that each branch of government can control (check) the other 2 branches.
• Examples: veto, Congress can override vetoes, impeach, appoint justices, approve appointments, approve treaties, laws ruled unconstitutional
  

Front 20

Separation of Powers

Back 20

• National government power separated into 3 branches

1. Legislative Branch – Congress - creates laws, can override vetoes
2. Executive Branch – President – Commander in Chief, nominates judges, vetoes/signs laws
3. Judicial Branch – Supreme Court - determines if laws are constitutional
   

Front 21

Great Compromise

Back 21

• Compromise between New Jersey (small) and Virginia Plans (large)
  
• Created a bicameral (2 house) legislative branch (Congress)
  

1. Senate – 2 for each state
2. House of Representatives – based on a state’s population
   

Front 22

Unwritten Constitution

Back 22

• Parts of our government that are needed but not actually found in the Constitution
• Examples: President’s Cabinet, Political Parties, Judicial Review
  

Front 23

Amendment

Back 23

• An addition or change to the Constitution
• “Flexibility”
  

Front 24

Elastic Clause

Back 24

• Part of the Constitution that allowed for change
• Allows government to make laws to fit a changing society
• Necessary & Proper Clause
• Implied Powers
• Examples: Louisiana Purchase, FCC, minimum wage, ect.
  

Front 25

Electoral College

Back 25

• Each state gets electoral votes, same as number of total representatives
• Popular vote in each state determines the electoral votes
• Criticized because electoral vote doesn’t always reflect popular vote
  

Front 26

Bill of Rights

Back 26

• 1st 10 amendments
• Antifederalists wanted it added
• Protects our rights from the government
• Examples: Freedom of speech, religion, due process – fair trial
  

Front 27

Washington's Farewell Address

Back 27

• Washington wanted the country to stay neutral
• Proclamation of neutrality
• US was not strong enough to get involved with other countries, might lose new independence
  

Front 28

John Marshall Court

Back 28

• Supreme Court Justice
• All decisions led to the power of the national government increasing
  

Front 29

Marbury v. Madison

Back 29

• Supreme Court case that established judicial review - can declare laws unconstitutional
  

Front 30

Judicial Review

Back 30

• Power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional
• Established by Marbury v. Madison
• Example of unwritten constitution
  

Front 31

Louisiana Purchase

Back 31

• Doubled the size of the US
• Bought by Jefferson
• US farmers gained control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans
  

Front 32

War of 1812

Back 32

• War between Britain and the US
• Britain was impressing US sailors and arming Native Americans
• Francis Scott Key wrote “Star Spangled Banner” about battle of Fort Mchenry
  

Front 33

Monroe Doctrine

Back 33

• US foreign policy that warned Europe to leave Latin America alone
• Made the US in control of the Western Hemisphere
  
• 1823

Front 34

Andrew Jackson

Back 34

• Used the spoils system – gave government jobs to political supporters
• Passed Indian Removal Act – Trail of Tears
• Nicknamed “King Andrew” (remember the cartoon) *powerful President
  

Front 35

Manifest Destiny

Back 35

• Americans had the right to settle westward all the way to the Pacific Ocean
  

Front 36

Women's Rights Movement

Back 36

• Goal was to get equal rights and suffrage for women
• Organized the Seneca Falls Convention and wrote Declaration of Sentiments
• Leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, and Lucretia Mott
  

Front 37

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Back 37

• Settled a conflict over new states – kept balance between number of free and slave states
• Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
• Maine entered as a free state
  
• Future states below Mason-Dixon Line are slave states; above are free states

Front 38

Compromise of 1850

Back 38

• California enters as a free state
• New Mexico territory (future slave state) is established
• Settled a conflict over new states – kept balance between number of free and slave states
  

Front 39

John Peter Zenger (1735)

Back 39

• Court case that established the precedent of freedom of press

Front 40

Stamp Act (1765)

Back 40

• An act passed by Parliament in England meant to raise revenue for England after the French and Indian War
• Tax on numerous paper goods, including newspapers and playing cards
• Angered colonists

Front 41

Due Process

Back 41

• The principle that an individual cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards.
• Protection of citizens by laws

Front 42

Reserved Powers of the Constitution

Back 42

• Powers reserved in the Constitution for states (e.g. education)
  

Front 43

3/5 Compromise

Back 43

• Compromise reached at the Constitutional Convention that counted each slave as 3/5 of a person for the sake of representation in Congress
  
• Favored slave states

Front 44

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Back 44

• Expedition from 1803 - 1805 that was meant to explore the territory purchased in the Louisiana Purchase