Trimester 2 Study Guide American History 2

Front 1

What are the reasons to study history?

Back 1

History is interesting, history is never finished, you develop empathy, to be a better thinker, and to learn from past mistakes.

Front 2

What are the five Founding American Ideals?

Back 2

Democracy, Liberty, Equality, Opportunity, and Rights

Front 3

Who proposed the resolution for independence?

Back 3

Richard Henry Lee

Front 4

Who was on the committee to draft the Declaration of Independence?

Back 4

Thomas Jefferson, Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and John Adams

Front 5

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Back 5

Thomas Jefferson

Front 6

What are the parts to the Declaration of Independence?

Back 6

Statement of human rights, grievances against the king, and statement of the independent.

Front 7

When was the Declaration of Independence approved?

Back 7

July 4, 1776

Front 8

What are the branches of government?

Back 8

Executive, Judicial, and Legislative

Front 9

How many articles does the Constitution have?

Back 9

Seven articles

Front 10

What are checks and balances?

Back 10

A system of where all three branches (of the government) work together to help keep any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Front 11

Describe the impeachment process.

Back 11

The House brings the charges and the Senate votes. A 2/3 majority is needed to remove the official from office.

Front 12

Define: Legislative Branch

Back 12

Congress-The law making branch-Two bodies, one based on each population (The House of Representatives) and the other two senators for each (Senate).

Front 13

What are the jobs of the legislative branch?

Back 13

Propose laws, declare war, override the president's veto with a 2/3 vote, propose amendments with a 2/3 vote, approves treaties, approves presidential appointments

Front 14

Define: Executive Branch

Back 14

The President and his cabinet.

Front 15

What are the jobs of the Executive Branch?

Back 15

Commander and chief of military, propose laws, enforces the laws, appoints Supreme Court judges, proposes budget, grants pardons, makes treaties.

Front 16

Define: Judicial Branch

Back 16

The Supreme Court (and other Federal Courts)

Front 17

What are the jobs of the Judicial Branch?

Back 17

Interpret the law, declare laws unconstitutional, declare president's action unconstitutional

Front 18

What are concurrent powers?

Back 18

Powers shared by both the state and the federal government-examples; taxes, roads, borrow money, and establish courts

Front 19

What are delegated powers?

Back 19

Powers granted to congress-examples; coin money, raise army, declare war, establish post offices

Front 20

What are reserved powers?

Back 20

Powers reserved to states-examples; fire, police, schools, issuing licenses, and conducting elections

Front 21

How many amendments are there?

Back 21

Twenty-Seven

Front 22

What are first ten (amendments) called?

Back 22

The Bill of Rights

Front 23

What percentage is needed to propose an amendment?

Back 23

2/3

Front 24

What percentage is needed to ratify the Constitution?

Back 24

3/4

Front 25

What is Manifest Destiny?

Back 25

The belief that God wanted the U.S. to expand to the Pacific Ocean and spread democracy across the country to all people.

Front 26

What was the Indian Removal Act?

Back 26

The plan to clear the Indians east of the Mississippi to "Indian Territory"

Front 27

What was the Marshall Court?

Back 27

The Supreme Court under the rule of Chief Justice John Marshall made a number of Supreme Court decisions that affirmed federal power.

Front 28

What are three characteristics of the North during 1850-1860?

Back 28

Industrial, Limited Slavery, and Greater Population

Front 29

What are three characteristics of the South during 1850-1860?

Back 29

Based on agriculture, predominately rural, relied on slavery as industry

Front 30

What is popular sovereignty?

Back 30

The feeling that regional interests control politics

Front 31

Which state became a battle ground for the Civil War?

Back 31

Kansas

Front 32

Which state was the first to succeed from the Union?

Back 32

South Carolina

Front 33

What is sectionalism?

Back 33

The differences between the North and the South

Front 34

What are the advantages of the North?

Back 34

More troops, more money, more industrial, more resources

Front 35

What were the advantages of the South?

Back 35

They fought a defensive war ad they were fighting on their own terrain

Front 36

What were the bloodiest battles?

Back 36

Gettysburg, Antietam, and Bull Run

Front 37

What were the effects of war on the soldiers (North and South)?

Back 37

Harsh conditions, boredom, homesick, disease spread throught camp

Front 38

What were the challenges in government (North)?

Back 38

Hard time gaining support and there were troop shortages

Front 39

What were the challenges in government (South)?

Back 39

Shortage of troops, Shortage of money, and lack of supplies

Front 40

What were conditions like in the South for the slaves?

Back 40

Harsher conditions, plantations owners were afraid slaves would run away

Front 41

What was life like for African-Americans in the North?

Back 41

Given manual jobs, discriminated against, and they earned less money.

Front 42

What were some contributions of women in the war?

Back 42

They ran businesses, worked as nurses, spies, and disguised themselves as men and fough as soldiers.

Front 43

Where was the end of the Civil War?

Back 43

Appomattox, Virginia

Front 44

Who were the commanders of each side?

Back 44

North-Ulysses S. Grant
South-Robert E. Lee

Front 45

When was the Surrender?

Back 45

April 9, 1865

Front 46

How did industrialization impact the Westward Movement?

Back 46

Trains helped people go farther and faster then ever before. They also linked people together, better and faster trade was possible. Mass Production allowed goods to be produced at a rapid rate which made them cheaper. Cotton gin allowed allowed cotton to be cleaned at a rapid rate, thus increasing productivity.

Front 47

How did the Fugitive Slave Law increase tension between the North and the South?

Back 47

Runaway slaves were forced to be returned. Southerners brought charges against Northerners for harboring slaves. Southerners would capture freemen and claim they were runaways.

Front 48

Define: Anaconda Plan

Back 48

A war strategy involving "wrapping around" the enemy, and "choking" them by moving in slowly.

Front 49

Define: Emancipation Proclamation.

Back 49

A proclamation stating that any states in war with the north and have slaves, the slaves are now free.

Front 50

Define: Habeas Corpus

Back 50

An order stating for a prisoner to be brought before a judge.

Front 51

Define: Fugitive Slave Law

Back 51

Laws passed in 1850 to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another.

Front 52

Define: Missouri Compromise

Back 52

An agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new places.

Front 53

Define: Copperheads

Back 53

A label for Northerners that opposed the war

Front 54

Define: Total War

Back 54

A war method in which you would destroy everything in your path and not just military.

Front 55

How many steps were the Southern States required to take in order to rejoin the Union?

Back 55

9 Steps

Front 56

What were the 9 Steps required for Southern States to rejoin the Union?

Back 56

To write a new state constitution, elect a new state government, repel its succession act, cancelled its war debts, and to ratify the thirteenth amendment.

Front 57

What were some new freedoms for slaves?

Back 57

They could travel, marry, get an education, and own land.

Front 58

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

Back 58

To assist former slaves and poor whites in the South.
They provided medical care, food, clothing, education, legal assistance, and acted as a court of law in some situations.

Front 59

What were the main purposes of the Black Codes?

Back 59

They denied freedmen the right to vote or be on a jury, required freedmen to sign yearly contracts with plantation owners, and to limit upwards mobility of African-Americans so that they were limited to farm work and their children couldn't go to school.

Front 60

What are the Black Codes?

Back 60

Laws passed across Southern States to restrict freedom and opportunity for freed slaves. While they were allowed to own property, work for wages and marry; they were denied other civil rights

Front 61

Who were the Radical Republicans?

Back 61

Abolitionists before the war, now determined to reconstruct the nation for equality and all.

Front 62

Who were the leaders of the Radical Republicans?

Back 62

Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner

Front 63

What was the Fourteenth Amendment?

Back 63

It gave all former slaves citizenship.

Front 64

What was the significance of the 1886 election?

Back 64

Radicals gained a 2/3 veto-proof in both houses.

Front 65

What were the Reconstruction Acts?

Back 65

They broke the South into 5 districts controlled by Federal Troops, election boards were set up by loyal supporters, wrote new state constitutions, and required to ratify the 14th amendment

Front 66

What was the Command of the Army Act?

Back 66

It limited Johnson's power as commander in chief.

Front 67

What was the Tenure of Office Act?

Back 67

It barred the president from firing certain federal officers without the Senate's consent.