Media Theories

Front 1

Roland Barthes 💙

Back 1

Sign and Signifiers, media text communicate their meaning through the use of denotation (literal) and connotation (meanings that are associated)

Hint 1

Connotation, denotation

Front 2

Todorov 💙

Back 2

Narrative moving from equilibrium to disruption and new equilibrium

Hint 2

Equilibrium

Front 3

Steve Neale 💙

Back 3

Genres are dominated by repetition, although marked by difference and variation. Genres can change and develop over time

Hint 3

Genres

Front 4

Claude Levi Strauss 💙

Back 4

Meaning of a media text is present, dependent and produced through binary opposites

Hint 4

Binary opposition

Front 5

Jean Baudrillard 💙

Back 5

In post modern culture, the boundaries between the real world and the media world have been collapsed. We are immersed in a world where images no longer refer to anything 'real' (hyperreality

Hint 5

Postmodernism

Front 6

Stuart Hall ❤

Back 6

Representation is seen through language, a system of codes

Relationship between concept and signs is shown through codes

Stereotypes reduces people to few simple traits, and usually occurs when there is an inequality of power

Hint 6

Stereotypes

Front 7

David Gauntlett ❤

Back 7

The media provides us with tools to construct our own identities.

In the past used to convey singular straightforward messages of males and females

Today, there is a pick and mix, from the media portraying an array of stars, icons and characters

Hint 7

Identities

Front 8

Liesbet Van Zoonen ❤

Back 8

Gender is constructed through discourse. It's meaning varies due to cultural and historical context

Women's bodies are seen as objects to be looked at. Element of western patriarchal culture

Mainstream culture show men as a spectacle and women an object

Hint 8

Gender imbalance

Front 9

Bell Hooks ❤

Back 9

Feminism is a struggle to end sexist/patriarchal oppression and domination

Feminism is a political commitment rather than a lifestyle choice

Race and class as well as sex determine the extent to which individuals are exploited or discriminated against

Hint 9

Oppression, discrimination, race and class

Front 10

Judith Butler ❤

Back 10

Identity is performatively constructed by 'expression' (set of acts and behaviour).

There is no gender identity behind expressions of gender (sex is different from gender)

Performativity is not a singular act but a repetition

Hint 10

Gender identity, sex vs gender

Front 11

Paul Gilroy ❤

Back 11

Colonial discourse continue to inform contemporary attitudes to race and ethnicity (from colonisation people today still have the same ideologies and views)

Civilisarionism construct racial hierachies. A binary opposite is created based on 'otherness'

Hint 11

Post colonial, ethnicity

Front 12

Curran and Seaton 💚

Back 12

Media is controlled by a small number of companies (hegemony), they are usually driven by profit and power

This usually limits variety, creativity and quality

More socially diverse patterns of ownership helps to create more varied and adventurous media productions.

Hint 12

Profit, power, creativity, quality, socially diverse

Front 13

Livingstone and Lunt 💚

Back 13

There is a struggle in recent UK regulation policy, by protecting audience from offensive harmful material but still have the need to further their interest

The increasing power of global media corporations together with the rise of convergent media technologies, in production, distribution and marketing of digital media have placed traditional ways of regulation at risk

Hint 13

Regulation, risk

Front 14

David Hesmondhalgh 💚

Back 14

Industry companies try to maximise audience whilst minimising risk through vertical and horizontal integration and formatting their products through the use of stars, genres and serials.

Largest companies or conglomerates operate across a number of different cultural industries

Hint 14

Minimising risk, maximising audience, vertical and horizontal integration

Front 15

Albert Bandura 💜

Back 15

Media can implant ideas in the mind of audiences

Audiences aquire attitudes, emotional responses and new styles of conduct through modelling (what they see)

Media representations of transgressive behaviour such as violence can lead audience to imiate

Hint 15

Media implants ideas, attitudes, you are what you see

Front 16

George Gerbner 💜

Back 16

Exposure of repeated patterns of representation over a long period of time shapes and influences the way in people perceive the world around them

Cultivating particular views, they usually reinforce mainstream values (hegemonic - dominant values)

Hint 16

Repeated things, influencing minds

Front 17

Stuart Hall 💜

Back 17

Communication is a process involving encoding by producers and decoding by audiences. 3 positions audiences may stabd when decoding: dominant, negotiated, oppositional

Hint 17

Encoding, decoding

Front 18

Henry Jenkins 💜

Back 18

Fans are active participants in the construction and circulation of textual meanings. (Sharing, liking, commenting)

Fans don't have to like a product, but are active participants

Fans appropriate texts and read them in ways that aren't fully authorised by media producers (textual poaching)

Hint 18

Active audience, fans

Front 19

Clay Shirky 💜

Back 19

Internet and digital technologies have a profound effect between the media and individuals

Audience are no longer become passive audience but active by being able to 'speak back' to the media in various ways, this is because of the internet.

Becoming prosumers by producing and consuming media at the same time

Hint 19

End of an audience, active audience, prosumers

Front 20

Young and Rubicam - 4C's 💜

Back 20

Cross Cultural Consumer Characterisation

Reformer

Resigned

Succeeded

Struggler

Aspirer

Mainstreamer

MainstreamerExplorer

Explorer

Hint 20

Through motivation they are a...