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91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are the male testes located in the scrotum outside the body? A. The testes develop better outside the body B. Immature sperm are temperature sensitive C. Their external location is necessary for penile development D. It helps the male secondary sexual characteristics develop |
Immature sperm are temperature sensitive (B) |
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Sperm are stored in the __________. A. seminiferous tubules B. ejaculatory duct C. ductus deferens D. epididymis |
epididymis (D) |
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What is the function of the blood testis barrier? A. to provide only select nutrients to the developing sperm B. to filter out male sex hormones C. to ensure that semen only contains sperm and seminal fluid D. to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm |
to prevent activation of the immune system of the male against the developing sperm (D) |
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding the vagina of an adult female? A. The vagina is also called the birth canal B. The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline C. The vaginal mucosa lacks glands D. The mucosa of the vagina is stratified squamous epithelium |
The pH of the adult vagina is alkaline (B) |
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A surge in __________ directly triggers ovulation. A. luteinizing hormone (LH) B. follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) C. progesterone D. estrogen |
luteinizing hormone (A) |
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Which layer of the uterus is the site for implantation of a fertilized egg? A. stratum basalis of the endometrium B. stratum functionalis of the endometrium C. perimetrium D. myometrium |
stratum functionalism of the endometrium (B) |
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What is the role of the corpus luteum? A. to produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining during the first months of pregnancy B. to produce the primary oocytes C. to stimulate the female sexual response D. ovulation |
to produce hormones that maintain the uterine lining during the first months of pregnancy (A) |
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During the secretory phase of the uterine cycle __________. A. the functional layer of the endometrium regenerates B. the endometrium is shed C. the endometrium prepares for implantation D. ovulation occurs |
the endometrium prepares for implantation (C) |
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Which of the following conditions might contribute to an increased probability of having an ectopic pregnancy? A. reduced blood flow to the ovaries B. decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes C. reduced number of granulosa cells D. decreased rate of formation of vesicular follices |
decreased number of cilia in the uterine tubes (B) |
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Which of the following is the site where sperm are stored until they are ejaculated? A. seminiferous tubule B. body of the epididymis C. tail of the epididymis D. rete testis |
tail of the epididymis (C) |
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Which cells produce androgens such as testosterone? A. spermatogenic cells B. sustenocytes C. myoid cells D. interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells |
interstitial endocrine (Leydig) cells (D) |
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Which of the following is housed within the spermatic cord? A. epididymis B. rete testis C. testicular arteries and veins D. seminiferous tubules |
testicular arteries and veins (C) |
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Which of these male accessory ducts transports both sperm and urine? A. ductus deferens B. ejaculatory duct C. epididymis D. urethra |
urethra (D) |
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Sperm is produced in the __________ of the testes. A. hyoid cells B. tunica vaginalis C. seminiferous tubules D. tunica albuginea |
seminiferous tubules (C) |
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Which of the following does NOT add substances to seminal fluid? A. urethra B. prostate gland C. bulbo-urethral glands D. seminal glands |
urethra (A) |
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The duct system of the male reproductive system does not include the ________. A. ductus deferens B. corpus spongiosum C. epididymis D. urethra |
corpus spongiosum (B) |
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Why does meiosis involve two nuclear divisions rather than one, as in mitosis? A. Meiosis produces four cells, each with identical chromosomes. B. Meiosis produces two genetically identical cells through the two nuclear divisions. C. Meiosis creates gametes with double the original chromosome number. D. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half. |
Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half (D) |
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Which of the following is the haploid cell produced as a result of meiosis I? A. type A daughter cell B. secondary spermocyte C. spermatognium D. primary spermocyte |
secondary spermocyte (B) |
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The number of chromosomes in a human gamete is __________; this is referred to as the __________ chromosome number. A. 23; diploid B. 23; haploid C. 46; diploid D. 46; haploid |
23; haploid (B) |
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Which of the following occurs during spermatogenesis? A. spermatogonia are produced B. spermatids are produced C. sustentacular cells are produced D. sperm are produced |
sperm are produced (D) |
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Enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate the egg are located in the __________ of the sperm cell. A. mid piece B. acrosome C. mitochondria D. tail |
acrosome (B) |
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Erection of the penis results from ________. A. a parasympathetic reflex B. dilation of the veins in the penis C. parasympathetic activation of the bulbo-urethral glands D. a sympathetic reflex |
a parasympathetic reflex (A) |
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A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. (T/F) |
False |
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The secretions of the bulbo-urethral glands neutralize traces of acidic urine in the urethra and serve as a lubricant during sexual intercourse. (T/F) |
True |
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What part of the female duct system is the usual site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte? A. cervical canal B. vagina C. uterus D. uterine (fallopian) tube |
uterine tube (D) |
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Which layer of the uterine wall is made of smooth muscle? A. myometrium B. perimetric C. endometrium D. mesometrium |
myometrium (A) |
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Which specific layer of the uterus is shed during menstruation, approximately every 28 days? A. stratum functionalis of the endometrium B. stratum basalis of the endometrium C. mesometrium D. myometrium |
stratum functionalis of the endometrium (A) |
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Which structure of the female's external genitalia has erectile tissue like the penis? A. vulva B. mos pubis C. labia majora D. clitoris |
clitoris (D) |
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What part of the breast produces milk? A. lactiferous ducts B. alveoli C. lactiferous sinus D. areola |
alveoli (B) |
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The primary function of the uterus is to ________. A. protect the ovaries B. synthesize female hormones C. regulate the ovarian and menstrual cycles D. receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum |
receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum (D) |
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Which of the following cells is released during ovulation? A. ovum B. oogonium C. primary oocyte D. secondary oocyte |
secondary oocyte (D) |
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How many functional gametes are produced by oogenesis? A. one B. two C. three D. four |
one (A) |
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Oocytes only complete meiosis II if they are fertilized. (T/F) |
True |
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Select the correct statement about the uterine cycle. A. The menstrual phase of the cycle is normally from day 1 to day 8 B. During the secondary phase, estrogen levels are at their highest C. If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo D. During the proliferative phase, levels of progesterone rise as the follicle begins to produce more hormone |
If fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained by a hormone secreted by the developing embryo (C) |
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Normally menstruation occurs when ________. A. the corpus luteum secretes estrogen B. blood levels of FSH fall off C. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone increase D. blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease |
blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease (D) |
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The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is that ________. A. spermatogenesis involves mitosis and meiosis, but oogenesis involves meiosis only B. during spermatogenesis two more polar bodies are produced C. in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell D. the mature ovum is n, while the sperm is 2n |
in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produced, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell (C) |
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All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true except ________. A. estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the follicular phase of the cycle B. a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation C. the corpus luteum is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation D. FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium |
FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium (D) |
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The dartos and cremaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? A. They contract to push sperm along the ductus deferens B. They are responsible for penile erection C. They contract to allow ejaculation D. They regulate the temperature of the testes |
They regulate the temperature of the testes (D) |
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Which of the following glands are responsible for about 70% of the volume of semen? A. the seminal glands B. the bulbo-urethral glands C. the prostate D. the pituitary |
the seminal glands (A) |
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The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called ________. A. sustenocytes B. spermatogonia C. interstitial endocrine cells D. spermatocytes |
interstitial endocrine cells (C) |
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Which of the following cells is returned to the basal lamina to continue the pool of dividing germ cells? A. type A daughter cell or spermatogonium B. type B daughter cell C. primary spermatocyte D. secondary spermatocyte |
type A daughter cell or spermatogonium (A) |
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Why doesn't semen enter the urinary bladder during ejaculation? A. There is no urge to urinate during sexual intercourse because of the suppression of LH by testosterone buildup in the blood. B. Ejaculation is a parasympathetic reflex resulting in no response by urinary contraction muscles. C. There is no common duct between the reproductive system and the urinary system. D. The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. |
The smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes. (D) |
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The fertilized egg is known as the __________. A. fetus B. embryo C. zygote D. conceptus |
zygote (C) |
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Which of the following is the primary germ layer that forms the basis for the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital systems, and for associated glands? A. gastroderm B. endoderm C. mesoderm D. ectoderm |
endoderm (B) |
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Which of the following INCORRECTLY matches an embryonic structure with its function? A. chorion/ forms baby's part of placenta B. allantois/ serves as the structural basis for the umbilical cord C. amnion/ protects embryo against physical trauma and helps maintain temperature D. yolk sac/ provides nutrients to embryo |
yolk sac/ provides nutrients to embryo (D) |
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Which of the following structures is derived from the ectoderm? A. brain and spinal cord B. heart C. kidney D. gonads |
brain and spinal cord (A) |
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Once sperm are deposited into the vagina, sperm motility must be enhanced and they must be prepared to release hydrolytic enzymes from their acrosomes. What is this process called? A. cortisol reaction B. capacitation C. acrosomal reaction D. fertilization |
capacitation (B) |
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What does the cortical reaction prevent? A. polyspermy B. acrosomal reaction C. monospermy D. capacitation |
polyspermy (A) |
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What is the event that results when the maternal and paternal chromosomes combine? A. cleavage B. capacitation C. implantation D. fertilization |
fertilization (D) |
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Proteases and acrosin are enzymes. How do they function in reproduction? A. They direct the sperm to the egg through chemical messengers B. Their function is unknown C. They act to break down the protective barriers around the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate D. They realize the mucous secretions of the uterine mucosa |
They act to break down the protective barriers around the egg, allowing the sperm to penetrate (C) |
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Which of the following implants in the mucosa of the endometrium? A. morula B. zygote C. oocyte D. blastocyst |
blastocyst (D) |
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What releases human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)? A. blastocyst B. inner cell mass C. trophoblast D. morula |
trophoblast (C) |
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What membrane does the trophoblast form after implantation? A. yolk sac B. amnion C. allantois D. chorion |
chorion (D) |
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What is the function of the placenta? A. The placenta protects the embryo from physical trauma and maintains a constant temperature B. The placenta serves as the source of early blood cells and blood vessels C. The placenta functions as a nutritive, respiratory, excretory, and endocrine organ for the developing embryo. D. The placenta forms part of the gut of the embryo |
The placenta functions as a nutritive, respiratory, excretory, and endocrine organ for the developing embryo (C) |
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of development from zygote to embryo? A. blastocyst, cleavage, gastrula, morula B. cleavage, gastrula, morula, blastocyst C. cleavage, morula, blastocyst, gastrula D. cleavage, blastocyst, morula, gastrule |
cleavage, morula, blastocyst, gastrula (C) |
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The placenta, a vitally important metabolic organ, is made up of a contribution from mother and fetus. Which portion is from the fetus? A. chorion B. umbilicus C. amnion D. yolk sac |
chorion (A) |
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Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum? A. human placental lactogen B. human chorionic gonadotropin C. estrogen D. progesterone |
human chorionic gonadotropin (B) |
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Which germ layer gives rise to the nervous system? A. endoderm B. mesoderm C. ectoderm D. sclerotome |
ectoderm (C) |
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Muscle tissue is formed by the ________. A. ectoderm B. epiderm C. endoderm D. mesoderm |
mesoderm (D) |
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How long is the egg viable and capable of being fertilized after it is ovulated? A. 36-72 hours B. 12-24 hours C. a full week D. 24-36 hours |
12-24 hours (B) |
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Select the correct statement about fertilization. A. If estrogen is present, the pathway through the cervical opening is blocked from sperm entry. B. Both spermatozoa and the ovulated secondary oocyte remain viable for about 72 hours in the female reproductive tract. C. Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment. D. Once inside the uterus, most sperm cells are protected and remain viable. |
Millions of sperm cells are destroyed by the vagina's acidic environment (C) |
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What is the 16-cell stage known as? A. morula B. blastomere C. inner cell mass D. blastocyst |
morula (A) |
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Which of the following is NOT a primary germ layer? A. endoderm B. gastroderm C. mesoderm D. ectoderm |
gastroderm (B) |
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Which of the following events does not occur during the first 8 weeks of development? A. formation of a functional cardiovascular system B. beginning of ossification C. presence of all body systems D. myelination of the spinal cord |
myelination of the spinal cord (D) |
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The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the ________. A. allantois B. archenteron C. lining of the endometrium D. placental tissue |
placental tissue (D) |
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Which of the choices below occurs if fertilization of the ovum occurs and implantation takes place? A. The ovarian cycle begins. B. The corpus luteum degenerates and becomes the corpus albicans. C. The corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta takes over its hormone-producing functions. D. Increased levels of FSH will be produced. |
The corpus luteum is maintained until the placenta takes over its hormone-producing functions (C) |
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Which of the following takes oxygenated blood to the liver from the placenta? A. ductus venosus B. umbilical artery C. hepatic vein D. umbilical vein |
umbilical vein (D) |
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The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs at ________. A. blastula formation B. cleavage C. fertilization D. gastrulation |
gastrulation (D) |
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Derivatives of the mesoderm include ________. A. all nervous tissue B. epithelium of the digestive tract C. endothelium of blood and lymph vessels D. glandular derivatives of the digestive tract |
endothelium of blood and lymph vessels (C) |
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Derivatives of the endoderm include ________. A. epithelium of the respiratory tract B. synovial membranes of the joints C. organs of the urogenital system D. blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissue |
epithelium of the respiratory tract (A) |
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Neural tissue is formed by the ________. A. ectoderm B. mesoderm C. epiderm D. endoderm |
ectoderm (A) |
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Which of the following occurs 21-30 weeks into pregnancy, during the fetal period? A. Sex is readily detected by observing the genitals B. Quickening occurs C. The eyes are open D. The head of the fetus is nearly as large as the body |
The eyes are open (C) |
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Which of the following occurs 9-12 weeks into pregnancy, during the fetal period? A. Quickening occurs B. The eyes are open C. Sex is readily detected by observing the genitals D. The head of the fetus is nearly as large as the body |
Sex is readily detected by observing the genitals (C) |
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A. ovary B. cervix C. vagina D. clitoris |
cervix (B) |
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A. secondary follicle B. corpus luteum C. oocyte D. corpus albicans |
corpus albicans (D) |
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A. Graafian follicle B. corpus luteum C. corpus albicans D. oocyte |
Graafian follicle (A) |
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A. isthmus B. infundibulum C. fimbria D. ampulla |
infundibulum (B) |
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A. cervix B. labia majora C. labia minora D. clitoris |
labia minora (C) |
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A. ovary B. urinary bladder C. vagina D. uterus |
uterus (D) |
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The canal that extends from the vestibule to the uterus is called the ________. A. vagina B. perivestibular canal C. uterine tube D. fimbria |
vagina (A) |
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After ovulation, the "egg" travels to the uterus through the ________. A. vagina B. uterine tube C. ampullary canal D. infundibulum |
uterine tube (B) |
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This is the muscular layer of the uterus. A. serosa B. myometrium C. endometrium |
myometrium (B) |
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A. spongy urethra B. corpus spongiosum C. corpus cavernosum D. glans penis |
corpus spongiosum (B) |
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A. ductus deferens B. prostatic urethra C. ejaculatory duct D. membranous urethra |
ejaculatory duct (C) |
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A. ejaculatory duct B. prostatic urethra C. membranous urethra D. spongy urethra |
membranous urethra (C) |
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A. spongy urethra B. ejaculatory duct C. prostatic urethra D. membranous urethra |
prostatic urethra (C) |
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A. prostatic urethra B. ejaculatory duct C. membranous urethra D. spongy urethra |
spongy urethra (D) |
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A. spermatic cord B. testis C. scrotum D. epididymis |
testis (B) |
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The testes reside in the ________. A. ampulla B. scrotum C. deferens D. epididymis |
scrotum (B) |
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Sperm are produced in the ________. A. interstitial tubules B. spermatic network C. epididymis D. seminiferous tubules |
seminiferous tubules (D) |
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In sequential order, the pathway from sperm production to the external environment is from ________ A. epididymis to seminiferous tubules to ductus deferens to urethra B. seminiferous tubules to epididymis to ductus deferens to urethra C. seminiferous tubules to ductus deferens to epididymis to urethra D. urethra to ductus deferens to seminiferous tubules to epididymis |
seminiferous tubules to epididymis to ductus deferens to urethra (B) |
