The Mind

Front 1

What does the organization of the brain reveal?

Back 1

The architecture of the mind

Front 2

What is epistemology?

Back 2

The theory of knowledge

Front 3

What are the 4 major components of the brain?

Back 3

1. Brain stem & cerebellum

2. Limbic system

3. White matter

4. Cerebral cortex

Front 4

What is the brain stem?

Back 4

A set of relays between the spinal cord and the cerebellum

Front 5

What is the cerebellum most involved in?

Back 5

Motor coordination

Front 6

What does LGN stand for?

Back 6

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Front 7

What is gray matter?

Back 7

Cell bodies

Front 8

What is white matter?

Back 8

Myelinated axons

Front 9

What does V1 stand for?

Back 9

Visual cortex

Front 10

45% of the human brain is made up of:

Back 10

White matter

Front 11

Receptive field

Back 11

The place in the visual world which makes a given neuron fire

Front 12

Myelinated

Back 12

A nerve fiber enclosed in a myelin sheath

Front 13

Retinotopy

Back 13

Adjacent parts of the Vishal scene are mapped to adjacent parts of the cortex

Front 14

3 criteria for a cortical area

Back 14

1. Distinct in function

2. Connectivity to other areas

3. Distinctive structure/cell types

Front 15

Micro stimulation provides evidence for direction selective neurons by:

Back 15

Stimulus affecting the perception of motion

Front 16

How much does the average adult brain weight?

Back 16

3 Ibs

Front 17

1990 was the

Back 17

Decade of the brain

Front 18

Where allows thoughts to be transformed into words?

Back 18

Broca’s area

Front 19

Where does most information processing in the brain take place?

Back 19

The cerebral cortex

Front 20

Basal ganglia

Back 20

Clusters of nerve cells surrounding the thalamus responsible for initiating and integrating movement

Front 21

Neurotransmitter

Back 21

Chemicals that brain cells use to talk to each other

Front 22

CNS

Back 22

Central nervous system

Front 23

PNS

Back 23

Peripheral nervous system

Front 24

Corpus callosum

Back 24

A bridge of wide flat neural fibers that help relay signals between the hemispheres

Front 25

Occipital lobe

Back 25

Processing and interpreting visual information

Front 26

Temporal lobe

Back 26

Major processing center of sound and some forms of memory

Front 27

Parietal lobe

Back 27

The home of the somatosensory cortex

Front 28

Frontal lobe

Back 28

Executive function, reason, decision making, sensory integration, planning, and execution of movement

Front 29

What are the 4 lobes?

Back 29

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital

Front 30

Somatosensory cortex

Back 30

Processing sensation and touch information + some spatial procsssing

Front 31

Mind

Back 31

A set of computations that extract representations

Front 32

Computational theory

Back 32

What is the problem to be solved? What is the input/output? How might you get from input to output?

Hint 32

3 questions

Front 33

BOLD

Back 33

Blood oxygenation level dependent signal

Front 34

MRI

Back 34

Magnetic resonance imaging

Front 35

DeO2Hb

Back 35

Deoxygenated hemoglobin

Front 36

Prospagnosia

Back 36

Impairs face discrimination and recognition

Front 37

Double disassociation

Back 37

combination of two opposite deficits

Front 38

ERP

Back 38

Event related potential

Front 39

FFA

Back 39

Fusiform face area

Front 40

The face inversion effect

Back 40

An increase in errors for upside-down compared to upright stimuli

Front 41

Hemodynamics

Back 41

The dynamics of blood flow

Front 42

HRF

Back 42

Hemodynamic response function

Front 43

When does the BOLD response peak?

Back 43

5-6 seconds after neural activity

Front 44

TMS

Back 44

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Front 45

OFA

Back 45

Occipital face area

Front 46

Independent variable

Back 46

The factor the experimenter manipulates

Front 47

Dependent variable

Back 47

The thing the experimenter measures

Front 48

Dependent variable

Back 48

The thing the experimenter measures

Front 49

Hypothesis

Back 49

The key idea you are testing in the experiment

Front 50

Dependent variable

Back 50

The thing the experimenter measures

Front 51

Hypothesis

Back 51

The key idea you are testing in the experiment

Front 52

Prediction

Back 52

The precise finding in your data that should be found if the hypothesis is true

Front 53

Contrast

Back 53

The point is to isolate a mental process by comparing two conditions

Front 54

Minimal pairs

Back 54

Two conditions differing only in one mental process

Front 55

Confound

Back 55

Creates specific alternate accounts of your data

Front 56

MUPA

Back 56

Multiple voxel pattern analysis

Front 57

fROI

Back 57

Functional region of interest

Front 58

Neural decoding

Back 58

What information is present in this region

Front 59

Fundamental questions of navigation

Back 59

1. Where am I

2. How do I get from A to B

Front 60

RSC

Back 60

Retrosplenial cortex

Front 61

Place cell

Back 61

A specific place which causes a neuron to fire at only a single location

Front 62

Place field

Back 62

The location in space the animal has to be in to make a hippocampal neuron fire

Front 63

Head direction cell

Back 63

Responds when heading a specific direction

Front 64

Grid cell

Back 64

Tracks how far we’ve gone in each direction

Front 65

Border cell

Back 65

Fires at any navigational border

Front 66

Empirical questions

Back 66

About truth and observations

Front 67

Empirical questions

Back 67

About truth and observations

Front 68

Innate

Back 68

Inborn or natural

Front 69

Empirical questions

Back 69

About truth and observations

Front 70

Innate

Back 70

Inborn or natural

Front 71

Computational modeling

Back 71

Using computer programs to simulate and study complex systems

Front 72

Perceptual narrowing

Back 72

Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment

Front 73

Perceptual narrowing

Back 73

Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment

Front 74

Controlled rearing

Back 74

When a “normal” part of a child’s development is taken away and the effects are studied

Front 75

Perceptual narrowing

Back 75

Reductions in an infants sensitivity to classes of stimuli that are not encountered within their environment

Front 76

Controlled rearing

Back 76

When a “normal” part of a child’s development is taken away and the effects are studied

Front 77

Informational encapsulation

Back 77

Information processing in the module cannot be affected by information in the rest of the brain

Front 78

Diffusion tractography

Back 78

A 3D modeling technique used to visually represent nerve tracks using data collected by diffusion MRI

Front 79

Connectivity fingerprint

Back 79

The connectivity a voxel has to each set of anatomical regions

Front 80

VWFA

Back 80

Visual word form area

Front 81

Kennard principal:

Back 81

If you’re going to have brain damage, have it early

Front 82

Weber’s Law

Back 82

The discriminability of two clusters of numbered stimuli depends on their ratio and not the absolute difference

Front 83

ANS

Back 83

Approximate number sense

Front 84

IPS

Back 84

Inter-parietal sulcus

Front 85

SPL

Back 85

Superior Parietal Lobules

Front 86

IPS

Back 86

Inferior parietal lobules

Front 87

Acalculia

Back 87

Loss of ability to calculate

Front 88

hIPS

Back 88

Horizontal segment of the inter-parietal sulcus