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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 major elements found in the human body? |
Oxygen, Carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen |
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What are the relative abundances of the 4 major elements |
O = 65% Ca = 18.6# H = 9.7% N= 3.2% |
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Differences between pure (non- polar) covalent bond and polar covalent bond? |
In Non-polar covalent bonds elections are shared equally while polar bonds are shared unequally |
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Process/ importance of hydrogen bonding? |
Hydrogen bonds in water create the H20 molecules which causes surface tension. This tendency causes water molecules to attract to one another |
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How does dipolar water affect its interaction with other molecules in the body? |
This creates attractive forces known as hydrogen bonds, allowing them to stick together |
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Hydrophilic? |
Reacts with water (loves it) |
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Hydrophobic? |
Does not react with water (hates water) |
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How does surface tension relate to the lungs? |
If there’s too high of ST our lungs collapse due to the hydrogen bonds attracting to one another. We need low ST because it allows us to keep breathing so our lungs keep expanding |
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Why does when a persons cells freeze the damage is irreversible |
The expansion of water as it freezes can rupture the cells. Which is irreversible. You can see this in frostbite |
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What is more important to humans, food or water? Why? |
Water is more important. Makes up 50-75% of human body and is responsible for major body functions such as blood flow, digestive system etc. |
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List four properties of water |
1) solubility 2) reactivity 3) high heat ability 4) lubrication |
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What is solubility? |
Waters ability to dissolve a solvent in a solution |
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What is reactivity? |
Most body’s chemistry uses or occurs in water. |
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What is high heat ability? |
Ability to absorb & retain heat (Sweating) |
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What is lubrication? |
Reduces friction between joints. |
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What does it mean that water is dipolar? |
It has a positive and negative pole, which then results in uneven distribution of electrons. |
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List major electrolytes in humans |
Na+ K+ CI- Ca2+ HCO3 |
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What major organ is responsible for electrolyte balance? |
Kidneys |
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Difference between acid and base? |
Acids are electrolytes that disconnect to release hydrogen ions and bases are substance that release ions and that combine with hydrogen ions |
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What is the pH scale? |
Measures how acidic/alkaline water is |
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What’s the range of pH scale? |
0-14, with 7 being neutral and anything less is acidic and anything greater is a base(alkaline) |
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What type of relationship does the pH scale have with H+ concentration? |
An inverse one |
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What is the typical pH of blood and what is it’s importance? |
7.35-7.45 Our bodies live and die at a cellular level. Cells must maintain alkalinity in order to function and stay alive |
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Compare and contrast acidosis and alkalosis. |
Used to maintain pH homeostasis. Acidosis lowers pH levels and alkalosis increase H |
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Why can hydrogen ion be considered to a proton? |
H atoms only have one electron so when it loses when to become an ion it leaves only one proton behind |
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Compare and contrast organic and inorganic compounds |
Organic contain both Carbon and hydrogen and inorganic does not contain both |
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What is the “backbone of life” |
Carbon |
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How many bonds does carbon generally form? |
4 |
