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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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retic count in B12 supplementation for deficiency |
U shaped curve - increase then decrease at beginning |
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cause of periportal hepatic fibrosis |
chronic viral hepatitis |
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cause of centrilobular necrosis (and where is it) |
around the hepatic vein ischemia, drugs, fulminant hepatitis |
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vimentin - marker for? |
intermediate filament, mesenchymal origin marker for sarcoma |
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LCA aka marker for? |
CD45 marker for lymphoma |
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osmium tetroxide stain - what's black? |
fat = black |
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wright's stain platelet color |
purple |
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AS - murmur, common cause of stenosis |
parvus et tardus, crescendo decresendo, r sternal boder senile calcification |
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infective endocarditis causes what valve pathology? |
insufficiency not stenosis |
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ankylosing spondylitits cardiac path |
aortic insufficiency |
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where crystals develop in tumor lysis syndrome and why? |
DCT or MD due to low pH uric acid crystals |
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IVC and AA relationship |
AA - Left IVC - Right both retroperitoneal |
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air in GB and biliary tree suggest what pathology |
fistula -> gallsteon ileus stone at ileocecal valve > bowel obstruction > abd. pain and distention, tinkling bowel sounds w/ regular gallstone usually don't get air in a person w/ hx/o stones |
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choledocolithiasis s/sx |
colic, juandice, cholangitis - fever, RUQ pain, murphy sign no free air in biliary tree |
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murphy sign |
inspiratory pause during inhalation w/ palpation RUQ |
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cholera and yersinia vaccine |
killed |
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BCG vaccine |
live |
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ADPKD s/sx |
HTN, gross hematuria - from cyst rupture, liver cysts, ICH/aneurysm |
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lung abscess cause |
most commonly aspiration or oropharyngeal contens foul smelling sputum, fever, clubbing, etc. |
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radical hysterectomy risks damaging |
ureter > hydronephrosis - pain radiates to groin, palpable mass |
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ureter relative to uterine arteries |
water under the bridge ureter posterior to uterine arteries |
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prostate/bladder surgery can cause what bladder path? |
vesicoureteral reflux > risk for pyelo |
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interstitial nephritis s/sx (3) cause |
fever, rash, arthralgia drug-induced often |
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G6P dehydrogenase catalyzes |
G6P > 6P glucuronate RLS of HMP shunt - oxidative |
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RLS of HMP shunt |
g6P dehydrogenase |
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phosphoglucoisomerase catalyzes |
G6P>F6P F6P>G6P |
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G6 phosphatase catalyzes |
G6P > glucose |
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phosphoglucomutase catalyzes |
G6P>G1P G1P>G6P |
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hexokinase/glucokinase catalyze |
Glucose > G6P |
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amphotericin sfx |
renal tox: decreased GFR due to vasoconstriction ATN electrolyte abnormalities hypoK, hypoMg due to increased distal tub perm |
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neonatal hepatitis may be described as raise index of suspicion for? |
proloned jaundice A1AT |
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organosphophate poisoining mechanism, distribution tx |
penetrates BBB irrev inhibition of AChE tx pralidoxime - regenerates AChE atropine - inhibits mACh |
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neurofibromin gene, fxn |
NF1 inhibits RAS |
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e-cadherin loss associated w/ |
mets |
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long term anticoagulation for VTE |
warfarin |
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legionella labs tx |
hyponatremia, few orgs, lots of nphils tx: fluoroquinolones, macros |
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daptomycin sfx, MOA |
depolarize cell membrane - pores sfx: myopathy, increased CPK |
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linezolid SFX |
thrombocytopenia, optic neuritis, 5-HT syndrome |
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CDC steps for avoiding CVC infections what type of orgs? |
hand hygeine, barrier, chlorhexice to disinfect, avoid femoral, remove asap usually gram + |
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unilateral size discrepancy between kidney - cause |
RAS - abd/flank bruits due to athero or more rarely - fibromuscular dysplasia (women, 20-30, string of beads) avoid ACE! |
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finding in fibromuscular dysplasia - imaging |
string of beads |
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distending pressure equation |
2T/R T = surface tension |
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lg and small sphere conncted - air flow> what will happen w/o surfactant |
small will collapse surfactant counters this |
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varicose veins cause other s/sx |
dysfunctional valve > retrograde flow skin ulcerations, superficial thrombi, infections |
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phlegmasia alba dolens |
milk leg - pregnancy - iliofem vein thrombosis |
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MMPS and fibroblasts - what stage of wound healing |
contracture |
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wound dehiscence |
rupture of previously closed insufficient vascularization |
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most common cause of delayed wound healing |
infection |
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post-SAH complication, timing, prevention |
vasospasm 4-10 days later, clean CT dx w/ transcranial color doppler tx: nimodipine - ca blockre |
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vitamin deficiency more common in alcoholics folate or b12? |
folate |
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mallory weiss tears cause |
increased intrabd pressure due to vomiting may also have hiatal hernia |
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lung transplant - common infection pulmonary edema due to what path? |
CMV - owl's eyes edema due to ischemia-reperfusion |
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CNS necrosis type, mechanism |
lysosomal digestion> liequefactive |
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which type of necrosis preserves tissue architecture |
coag necrosish |
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hemorrhagic infarcts - what situation? |
dual blood supply - as w/ lung, CNS reperfusion |
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MCD following what (3) tx |
respiratory infection, immunization, atopy tx: corticosteroids |
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CHF renal signaling |
increased sympathetic activity |
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BNP - release, activity |
released in response to ventricular stretch vasodil, diuresis, decreased BP same as ANP |
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16sRNA in prokaryotes |
on 30s subunit, complementary to shine dalgarno of mRNA > initiate translation |
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translation subunits in proks |
30s and 50s subunits |
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23s subunit in proks |
part of 50s peptide bond formation |
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driver of translocation in prok translation |
elongation factor G and GTP |
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tx of acute and open angle glauc that affects kidneys and MOA |
CA inhibitor, reduces bicarb reabs in kidneys decreased aqueous humor formation |
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SLE hypersensitivity types |
type II nephritis - type III |
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renal pathology most common in SLE |
proliferative glomerulonephritis |
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systemic sclerosis aka, antibodies |
diffuse anti-dna topoisomerase (scl-70a) |
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limited sclerosis aka |
crest - anti-centromere, raynauds, esophageal dysmotility, scleroderma, telangiectasia |
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sjogren's ABs |
anti-ro (ssa) anti-LA (ssb) |
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terbutaline function, MOA |
beta agonist inhibit uterine contractions to delay labor |
