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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Verbal Messages
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spoken words you use when you communicate
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Denotative Meanings
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definition found in the dictionary
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Connotative Meanings
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emotional or personal response to a word
Ex: dog, flower |
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Slang
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informal language that is unique to a particular group.
These words change most often over time. Ex: awesome, bummer, keen |
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Nonverbal Messages
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expressed without words
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Appearance
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clothes, hairstyle, make-up, jewelry
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Posture
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the way you sit & stand
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Gestures
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the way you move your arms, hand, & body
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Nonverbally
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90% of a person's feelings are communicated ____
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Voice
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not what is said but how it is said
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Pitch
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highness or lowness of a voice
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Rate
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how quickly or slowly something is said
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Vocal Quality
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tone or sound of a voice
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Volume
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loudness or softness of a voice
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Space, Time, & Place
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all are very important to the other three elements
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Thesis
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central idea or main idea of a speech
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Inform
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you want your listeners to know & understand something
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Persuade
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change your listeners' minds, or take some type of action
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Entertain
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you want your audience to relax & just be entertained
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Impromptu Speech
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involves very little preparation time
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Extemporaneous Speech
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have some prep. time.
The speaker usually has an outline but does not plan each word. |
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Special Occasion Speeches
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the audience expects these speeches to take specific forms.
Each kind serves 1 to 4 general purposes. |
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Special Occasion Speeches:
Introduction |
introduces guest speaker
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Special Occasion Speeches:
Response |
guest speaker usually gives thanks to person who gave intro
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Special Occasion Speeches:
After Dinner Speech |
after banquets or lunches
*humor is an important part *speaker includes stories, jokes, or quotations |
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Special Occasion Speeches:
Presentation |
award, gift, or honor is given
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Special Occasion Speeches:
Acceptance |
made by the person who gets the honor
*thanks the donor & the presenter & explains the personal meaning of the award |
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Special Occasion Speeches:
Commemorative Speech |
given to remember people or events
They honor past accomplishments. |
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Eulogies
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given at funerals or memorial services
*most famous is Lincoln's Gettysburg Address |
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Selecting A Topic
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1. What type of speech will you be giving?
2. Select a topic that interests you. *What do you like? *What do you know about the topic? 3. Select a topic that will interest your audience. |
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What will a good speaker do?
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A good speaker always considers how to connect the audience & the message!
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Audience Analysis
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the information about the audience that helps the speaker communicate effectively.
The analysis includes basic data, beliefs, & attitudes. |
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Research
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process of investigation
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Interviewing
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conversation with the purpose of obtaining information
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Surveys
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gathering information & opinions from a large # of people
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Where To Gather Information
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- books
- public documents - pamphlets - encyclopedia - dictionary - contact gov. offices & organizations - periodicals - magazines - newspapers - world almanac - electronic media |
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Support Material
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material that develops the main points of a speech
- descriptions - examples - quotations - statistical information - personal experience - visual aids |
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5 Major Steps To Organizing A Speech
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1. create a purpose statement
2. finding the right organizational pattern 3. Outlining 4. Common figures of speech 5. Introductions/Conclusions |
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Purpose Statement
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summarizes the main ideas or purpose of your speech
- these are given in the intro of a speech - should tell the listeners about the main points |
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Time Order
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placing the points of the speech into a time or chronological pattern
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Space Order
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organizing a speech based on the physical relationship of people, places, or objects
Ex: I have visited 3 cities. Let me tell you about each one of them. |
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Process Order
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explaining the way something works
Ex: There are 5 steps to taking great pictures with a 35m camera. |
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Topical Order
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dividing the whole speech into its natural parts
Ex: To appreciate Williamsburg, you need to experience the historical buildings, the ceremonies, & the restaurants. |
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Problem-Solution
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organizing information; the problem or problems & the solution or solutions
Ex: In order to reverse the pollution from acid rain, we need... |
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Outlining - 2 Major Types
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1. Sentence
2. Word |
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Sentence
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shows the relationships of information & development of arguments or ideas
*most beginners use this type *let's you use more detail & forces you to think about each main point & supporting point carefully |
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Word
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lists only key words & divisions
*let's you have greater eye contact |
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4 Common Figures Of Speech
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1. Simile
2. Metaphor 3. Personification 4. Hyperbole |
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Simile
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a comparison of two unlike things
- includes words 'like' or 'as' Ex. She is as pretty as a picture. |
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Metaphor
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a comparison of two things that are alike
Ex: My family is a rock. |
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Personification
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gives human characteristics to nonhuman things
Ex: The tree comforted the child in the branches. |
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Hyperbole
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intentional exaggeration
Ex: The computer saved my life. |
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Introductions
- serve 3 general purposes |
1. gain attention
2. present your topic & purpose 3. connect with your audience |
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Conclusions
- serve 3 purposes |
1. summarize main points
2. repeat main goal 3. provide clear ending |
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Transitions
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words/phrases that form links between ideas
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