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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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who were the legendary founders of ancient Rome
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Romues and Romulus
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From where does much of Roman architecture come?
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Etruscans
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Whose alphabet did the Romans adopt
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Etruscans
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Contrast the geography of Italy with that of Greece. Where were larger cities possible?
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larger cities were possible in italy
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What were the Roman versions of the Greek gods Zeus, Hera, Aphrodite, and Poseidon?
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zeus = jupiter
hera= juno aphrodite = venus poseidon = neptune |
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Who was the last Etruscan king in Rome?
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Tarquin the Proud
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What type of government was established in Rome after Tarquin the Proud?
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Republic
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What were the qualifications to be a Roman senator?
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you had to a patrician male
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What were the Twelve Tables?
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written laws of rome that hung in teh Forum
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Who were the plebeians and patricians?
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pleabeins were farm laborers (lower classs)
patricians were the upper class and land owners |
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What were the two chief executives called in the Roman republic?
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consuls
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What part of the population did the senate represent? The Tribal Assembly?
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senate - patricians
tribal assemly - plebeins |
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How long was the term in office of a Roman senator?
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lifetime
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Describe the office of dictator. How long was the term?
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elected for times of crisis ultimited power six month term
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What was required of all citizens who owned land?
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military service
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Who sacked Rome in 390 BC?
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`the gauls
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How long was the First Punic War? What were they fighting over? Who won?
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23 years
trade routes in the mediterranean rome won |
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Who were the main generals on both sides of the Second Punic War?
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rome - scipio
carthange- hannibal |
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What mountain chain did Hannibal cross to attack the Romans?
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the alps
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Was Hannibal ever able to successfully occupy the city of Rome?
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no
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With what phrase did the Roman orator Cato end his speeches to the senate?
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carthange must be destroyed
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Why were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus assassinated?
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They wanted land reforms that would have taken land from the rich and given it to poor Romans.
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Why was it a problem that soldiers were paid directly by the generals?
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Soldiers became more loyal to generals than to Rome.
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Who restored order to Rome after the civil war of 88-82 BC?
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Julius Caesar
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What happened on the Ides of March 44 BC?
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Assassination of Julius Caesar
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Did rivalries between generals threaten the republic?
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Yes. They proved to be part of the reason why the republic ended
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Was Julius Caesar an absolute ruler?
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yes
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What happened to the republic after the assassination of Julius Caesar?
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Fell apart – A civil war and a purge of the senate.
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Who was Marcus Brutus?
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One of the assassins of Julius Caesar and a trusted friend.
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Were Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian supporters of Julius Caesar?
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Yes. They became the Second Triumvirate.
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Why did a civil war break out between Mark Antony and Octavian?
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They didn’t trust each other. Mark Antony had met Cleopatra of Egypt. Octavian accused him of trying to rule Rome from Egypt.
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Who won the Battle of Actium?
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Forces of Octavian defeated the army of Mark Antony.
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Who took the titles “Augustus” and “Imperator”?
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octavian
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What was the population of Rome at the height of its power?
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from 60 to 80 million
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What was the Pax Romana?
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Roman Peace. A 207 year period of peace and prosperity.
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On what was the Roman economy based?
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Farming. 90% of the people were involved in agriculture
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To where did the Roman Empire expand?
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From Ireland to North Africa, From Spain to the Middle East. All of the area surrounding the Mediterranean.
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Describe the emperors Nero and Caligula?
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Nero – one of the emperors responsible for persecution of Christians in Rome.
Caligula – insane. |
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What made the “Five Good Emperors” different?
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They named their successor before they died. Made the transfer of power peaceful.
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Whose death marked the end of the Pax Romana?
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Marcus Aurelius – last of the 5 good emperors.
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Describe the rights of women in Rome.
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From 12 to 15 years old.
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Who were the gladiators?
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Mostly slaves or convicts.
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From where did the gods of Roman mythology come
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From Greek mythology
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Why were gladiator battles fought?
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To entertain and pacify the masses in Rome.
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Why was Julius Caesar popular?
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He looked out for the interests of the poor and commoners in Rome. He won victories in Gaul that gained land that could be given to landless farmers.
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Were the rights of women and children considered an important priority in the Roman Empire?
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No
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How did the Pax Romans help the spread of Christianity?
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It made travel throughout the empire safe and easy.
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How did Constantine’s laws affect Christians in Rome
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The Edict of Milan allowed for the official toleration of Christianity.
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Who made Christianity the official religion of Rome?
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Theodosius
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What was the Nicene Creed?
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A statement of the basic beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Who was the Roman governor of Judea at the time of the crucifixion of Jesus?
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Pontius Pilate
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What is the current best estimate of the date of the birth of Christ?
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4 BC
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What was Jesus accused of by the authorities?
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Trying to overthrow the Roman government.
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What is an apostle?
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Someone called out for a mission.
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What is meant by the term Diaspora?
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Scattering of a group of people (especially in reference to Jews after the sack of Rome)
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What is the job of a bishop?
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To oversee the actions of several local churches.
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What is an epistle? Who wrote most of the epistles in the New Testament?
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A long letter.
Paul. |
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Who was the first Christian martyr?
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Stephen.
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Which two Roman emperors are most notorious for their persecution of Christians?
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Nero, and Diocletian.
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