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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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States of matter |
The kinetic particle theory explains the properties of the different states of matter. The particles in solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy. They are arranged differently and move in different ways. |
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Solid |
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Liquid |
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Gas |
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Solid Properties |
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Liquid properties |
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Gas properties |
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State changes |
Substances can exist as a solid, liquid or gas. Converting from one state to another usually involves heating or cooling. |
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State changes (Graph) |
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What happens if you apply heat? |
Heat must be supplied to a substance for it to melt, evaporate or boil. For example, you need to heat ice to melt it, and you need to heat water to make steam. |
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What happens if you remove heat? |
Heat must be removed from a substance to condense or freeze it. In other words, the substance must be cooled down. |
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Describe sublimation |
Under certain conditions, some solids turn straight into a gas when heated. This process is called sublimation. A good example is solid carbon dioxide, also called ‘dry ice’. At atmospheric pressure, it turns straight into gaseous carbon dioxide. |
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Describe liquid carbon dioxide |
Liquid carbon dioxide can only exist under high pressure, such as in fire extinguishers. Iodine also sublimes - it turns directly from shiny purple-black crystals to a purple vapour when warmed up. |
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What happens if you change the pressure? and give an example. |
A gas will also liquefy (turn into a liquid) if its pressure is increased enough. This is because the particles are moved close enough for bonds to form between the particles.Gas cylinders used for camping stoves and barbecues contain liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) under high pressure. As soon as the pressure is released, the liquid turns back to a gas. |
