Sociology Test 2

Front 1

Looking Glass Self

Back 1

Cooley; we see others as mirrors of ourselves

Front 2

Symbolic Interactionist Theory

Back 2

Meade; taking the role of the other, you are born without any concept of self; we have as many selves as we have groups whose opinions we care about

Front 3

Self-fulfilling prophesy of Symbolic Interaction

Back 3

biography affects how people see you which affect your concept of self which affects how others see you…

Front 4

Labeling Theory

Back 4

high amount of primary deviation, but some people get caught and are labeled as deviant. This leads to secondary deviation.

Front 5

Primary deviation

Back 5

acts that are deviant but infrequent and don’t color our identity so we rationalize them as acceptable

Front 6

Secondary deviation

Back 6

response to having been labeled: finding a new identity by way of deviant behavior

Front 7

Steps after someone is caught in primary deviant act

Back 7

1. Labeled as delinquent
2. Retrospective interpretation
3. Master Status
4. Selective Perception
5. Blocked Opportunities
6. Role Imprisonment
7. Role engulfment
8. Secondary Deviance

Front 8

how many males and females have committed a felony

Back 8

2/3 males, 1/3 females

Front 9

percent males that engage in a homosexual act

Back 9

30-40%

Front 10

only social control agency that doesn’t reinforce delinquency

Back 10

Military

Front 11

All psycho-therapeutic groups who make you redefine yourself as a deviant are considered

Back 11

Retrospective Interpretation

Front 12

Criticisms of Labeling Theory

Back 12

fails to explain primary deviance

radical with few policy implications

doesn't discuss how ppl are successful in avoiding the negative consequences of labeling

Front 13

Anomie Theory

Back 13

Robert K. Merton

cultural goals vs. institutional means; models of adaptation; inequality; American Dream and American means

Front 14

definition of "anomie"

Back 14

normlessness

Front 15

Merton's 4 Models of Adaptation

Back 15

Ritualism
Innovation
Rebellion
Retreatism

Front 16

+ conventional goals
-- conventional means

Back 16

Innovation

Front 17

-- conventional goals
+ conventional means

Back 17

Ritualism

Front 18

-- conventional goals
-- conventional means

Back 18

Retreatism

Front 19

+/- conventional goals
+/- conventional means

replace old dream with new one free from strains of former dream

Ex. = revolution

Back 19

Rebellion

Front 20

percent of Americans who are poor and can't attain American dream

Back 20

17%

they make half of median income

Front 21

Why have lower paying service jobs replaced unionized industrial jobs?

Back 21

outsourcing and mechanization

Front 22

Criticisms of Merton's Anomie Theory

Back 22

can't explain:
1. counter-culture of 1960s
2. why ppl chose various models
of adaptation
3. non-utilitarian crimes like rape
4. white collar crime

Front 23

Differential Opportunity Theory

Back 23

Cloward and Ohlin
You don't just turn to life of crime. you have to consider access to both illegitimate and legitimate opportunity structures

Retreatist = double failure

System vs. Self-blaming

Type 2 Retreatist

Front 24

Criticisms of Differential Opportunity Theory

Back 24

doesn't explain:
1. antisocial behavior at an early age
2. doesn't explain why some kids
don't follow illegal opportunities
3. doesn't explain white collar crime

Front 25

when no one invests in community because they want to get out; not much social control

Back 25

Social Disorganization

Front 26

Early Formulation (concentric theory of city growth) was thought up by:

Back 26

Shaw and McKay

Front 27

Collective Efficacy

Back 27

Robert Sampson

shared values, mutual trust, community problem solvin

Front 28

Structural Transformation of Economy in terms of social disorganization

Back 28

William Julius Wilson

outsourcing = industry jobs replaced by service jobs
--> out migration of inner-city
neighborhoods
--> intense concentrations
of poverty

Front 29

The negative consequences of dilapidation

Back 29

Rodney Stark

reduces pride in community
demoralizing
people move
successful business won't come
lenient law enforcement

Front 30

The epidemic perspective

Back 30

as crime rates rise, the next generation will see crime as normal and thus deviance spreads like an epidemic

Front 31

feedback process

Back 31

William Skogan
crime affects community structure and vice versa

fear of crime reduces collective efficacy

Front 32

Criticisms of Early Formation Theory about Collective Efficacy and such

Back 32

Studies should control for family processes

Needs to examine the interaction of community and family factors

Front 33

Social Disorganization Theory

Back 33

minorities are more likely to experience lack of collective efficacy due to:
most poor blacks live in bad areas
70% poor whites live in good areas
Poor Marriage market= many single parents

Front 34

Incarceration rates of blacks are higher in...

Back 34

states where blacks are largely concentrated in inner-city cores

Front 35

General Strain Theory/Coercion Theory

Back 35

you get angry when treated unfairly and will respond hostily to future events

Front 36

Racial Socialization

Back 36

when parents warn kids of racism they will face; it dramatically decreases anger and hostile view of relationships

Front 37

percent of gun owners who are not hunters

Back 37

90%

Front 38

instrumentality hypothesis of gun homicides

Back 38

assaults with guns more likely to be fatal
mass murders are done with guns
drive by shootings
crimes of passion = majority of homicides

Front 39

Deterrence Hypothesis

Back 39

people are more hesitant to rob someone if they have a gun

1% of gun homicides are self-defense

many ppl show guns to scare without intending to use them

Front 40

Policy Recommendations to reduce correlation btw guns and violence

Back 40

expand Brady Bill
stiffen penalties for gun carrying without a license
require locked storage
renew ban on assault rifles

Front 41

Family Stress Model

Back 41

Robert Conger

Front 42

theorist of Victimization

Back 42

Hans von Hentig

Front 43

theorist of micro strain theory

Back 43

Robert Agnew

Front 44

Macro strain theorist (ANOMIE Theory)

Back 44

Robert Merton

Front 45

Soncial Control perspective of Labeling Theory applied to adolecents

Back 45

Eric Stewart

Front 46

Social Control perspective of Labeling

Back 46

Sampson and Laub

Front 47

Symbolic Interactionist perspective of Labeling theory

Back 47

Howard S. Becker and Erving Goffman

Front 48

Power Control Theory

Back 48

John Hagan

Front 49

Integrated Marxist Theory of Delinquency

Back 49

Colvin and Pauly

Front 50

Routine Activist Theory says deviance takes place when...

Back 50

Motivated Offender
Suitable Target
Absence of Capable Guardian

Front 51

age at which spanking is ok

Back 51

2-6yrs old if administered mildly by caring parents

Front 52

percent of reported larceny that is shoplifting

Back 52

15%

Front 53

Index Crimes

Back 53

Murder, Rape, Criminal Homicide, Robbery, Aggravated Assault

Front 54

most under-reported crime

Back 54

Forcible Rape

Front 55

typical robber

Back 55

90% are YOUNG
54% are black
45% are white

Front 56

Legal drugs kill ___ times # of Americans that illegal drugs kill.

Back 56

30