Sociology Exam 4

Front 1

Traditional Family

Back 1

a group of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, live together, are an economic unit, and bear and raise children

Front 2

New Def. of Family

Back 2

relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to teh group

Front 3

Family of Orientation

Back 3

family into which a person is born and in which early socialization usually takes place.

Front 4

Family of Procreation

Back 4

family a person forms by having or adopting children

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Extended Family

Back 5

composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household

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Monogamy

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only form of marriage sanctioned by law in the United States; Establishes a system of descent so kinship can be determined

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Partilineal Descent

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system of tracing descent through teh father's side of the family

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Matrilineal Descent

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system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family- women may not control property

Front 9

Bilateral Descent

Back 9

system of tracing descent through both teh mother's and father's sides of the family

Front 10

Patriarchal Family

Back 10

authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father)

Front 11

Matriarchal Family

Back 11

authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother)

Front 12

Egalitarian Family

Back 12

both partners share power and authority equally

Front 13

Patrilocal Residence

Back 13

custom of a married couple living in teh same household (or community) as the husband's family

Front 14

Matrilocal Residence

Back 14

custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wives parents

Front 15

Neolocal Residence

Back 15

custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents

Front 16

Endogamy

Back 16

marrying within ones own group

Front 17

Homogamy

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pattern of individuals marrying those who have similar characteristics, such as race/ethnicity, religious background, age, education, and/or social class

Front 18

Exogamy

Back 18

practice of marrying outside one's own social group or category

Front 19

Four Functions of Family

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Functionalist Perspective
1. Sexual regulation
2. socialization
3. Economic and psychological support for members
4. provision of social status and reputation

Front 20

Conflict Perspective on Family

Back 20

Families in capitalist economies are similar to workers in a factory: women are dominated at home the same way workers are dominated in factories

Front 21

How doe we choose marriage partners in the US?

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Romance

Front 22

Cohabilitation

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couple that lives together without being married: two stage process 1. individual marriage 2. parental marriage

Front 23

Outcomes for teen mothers

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-less skilled at parenting
-less likely to complete high school
-few economic and social supports beyound their families
-severely limited economic opportunites
-high likelihood of living in poverty

Front 24

Single Parent Households

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-poor academic achievement
-higher school absenteeism
-early marriage and parenthood
-higher rate of divorce
-more alcohol and drug abuse problems

Front 25

Serial Monogamy

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the likeligood of divorce increases with each marriage

Front 26

Microlevel Causes of Divorce

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-marriage at an early age - short acquaintances before marriages - disapproval by friends and relatives - limited economic resources and low wages - high school education or less - parents who are divorced or have unhappy marriages - presence of children at the beginning of the marriage

Front 27

Blended Families

Back 27

a husband and wife, chidren from previous marriages, and any children from teh new marriage

Front 28

Education

Back 28

social institution responsible for the ststematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure

Front 29

Manifest Functions

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indended: socialization, transmission of culture, social control, social placement, and change and innovation

Front 30

Latent Functions

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unintended: keeps young people out of the job market, social networking, and generation gap

Front 31

Dysfunctions on Education

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bad things: does not promote high level thinking, limited academic demands

Front 32

Cultural Capital in Education

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Conflict Perspective: social assets that include values, beliefs, attitudes and competencies in language and culture

Front 33

Tracking

Back 33

social placement; the assignment of students to specific courses and educational programs based on their test scores, previous grades, or both

Front 34

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

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unsubstantiated belief or prediction that results in behavior that makes the originally false belief come true

Front 35

Community Colleges Advances

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low cost - minority students - local populations - faculty attention

Front 36

Functional Illiteracy

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the inability to read or write at the skill level necessary for carrying out everyday tasks

Front 37

Health

Back 37

a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Front 38

Illness

Back 38

something that interferes with health

Front 39

4 ways Society Affects Health

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1. cultural patterns define health 2. cultural standards of health change over time 3. a society's technology affects people's health 4. social inequality affects people's health

Front 40

Age - Chronic Illnesses

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demographic factor; long term and develop gradually or are present from birth

Front 41

Age - Acute Illnesses

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demographic factor; younger people: strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death

Front 42

Sex Demographic Factors

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women live longer than men because of gender roles

Front 43

The Flexnor Report

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model of medical education; catalyst to modern medical education; why white men dominate

Front 44

Direct Fee System

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a medical care system in which parients pay directly for the services of doctors and hospitals; in US

Front 45

Medicare

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health insurance of elderly

Front 46

Medicaid

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health insurance for disadvantaged

Front 47

Universal Health Care System

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Canada: all citizens receive medical care paid for by tax revenues

Front 48

Socialized Medicine

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Great Britain: a health care system in which the government owns the medical care facilities and employs the physicians

Front 49

Sick Role

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Functionalist: set of patterned expectations that define the norms and values appropriate for individuals who are sick and for those who interact with them

Front 50

4 Characteristics of the Sick Role

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1. illness cannot be deliberate
2. person is exempted form responsibilities
3. person must want to get well
4. must seek competent help from a medical professional

Front 51

Medical Industrial Complex

Back 51

rely exclusively on local doctors and hospitals as well as global health-related industries such as insurance companies and pharmaceutical and medical supply companies that deliver health care today

Front 52

Medicalization

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the proces whereby nonmedical pronlem become defined and treated as illness or disorders

Front 53

Demography

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examines population size, compostion and distribution

Front 54

3 Processes Involved in Population Changes

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Fertility, Mortality, and Migration

Front 55

Fertility

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the actual level of childbearing ability for an individual or a population

Front 56

Fecundity

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the potential number of children who could be born if every woman reproduced at her maximum biological capacity

Front 57

Crude Birth RAte

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number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year

Front 58

Infant Mortality Rate

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the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year

Front 59

Life Expectancy

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an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year

Front 60

Immigration

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the movement of people into a geographic area

Front 61

Emigration

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movement of people out of an area

Front 62

Pull factors for Migration

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examples include freedom of religion and economy; voluntary migration

Front 63

Push Factors for Migration

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examples include war, famine; involuntary migration

Front 64

Sex Ratio

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the number of males for every 100 females in a given population

Front 65

Population Pyramid

Back 65

a graphic representation of the distribution of the population by sex and age; US - barrel shaped

Front 66

Malthusian Perspective

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teh population, if unchecked, will exceed the available food suppy; to keep this from happening, we need to exercise preventative checks

Front 67

Demographic Transition Theory

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the process by which some societies have moved from high birth rates and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development

Front 68

4 Stages of Economic Development

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1. preindustrial 2. early industrialization 3. advanced industrialization and urbanization 4. post industrialization

Front 69

Urbanization

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the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than rural areas

Front 70

Human Ecology

Back 70

the study of the relationship between people and their physical environment

Front 71

Burgess' Concentric Zone Model

Back 71

looks like a jawbreaker. everything expands in a circular movement

Front 72

Hoyt's Sector Model

Back 72

city evolved around rivers, railroads, interstates

Front 73

Harris and Ullman's Multiple Nuclei Model

Back 73

everything clustered together

Front 74

Major Themes Found in Political Economy Models

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both economic and political factors affect urban growth and decline - urban space has both an exchange value and a use value - both structures and agency are important in understanding how urban development takes place

Front 75

Simmel on City Life

Back 75

blase attitude and overstimulated