Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
BHAG? |
Big Hairy Audacious Goal |
|
|
environmental trigger events |
environmental events/disasters experienced in one's lifetime that stick with the person and/or make them become aware of environmental issues
|
|
|
substances that contribute to climate change and global warming |
fossil fuels: coal, natural gas, oil that release CO2 when burned |
|
|
Tragedy of the Commons |
the collective ruin that society will experience if everyone follows their own self interests and all resources are depleted |
|
|
The greatest predictor of whether someone will live near a toxic site in the US? |
Race |
|
|
Four goals of punishment |
retribution deterrence incapacitation rehabilitation |
|
|
retribution? |
the person is paying a price for the crime committed |
|
|
Deterrence? |
punishment is meant to convince the person to not commit the crime/other crimes again |
|
|
incapacitation |
punishment prevents the person from committing another crime for a period of time |
|
|
rehabilitation |
people are provided skills, education, and training needed to reduce recidivism |
|
|
incarceration has __ while the rate of crime has __ |
increased; decreased |
|
|
role of war on drugs on the rate of incarceration |
racialization of drug use and the creation of the DEA led to law enforcement targeting Black Americans for drug-related crimes; they are jailed at a disproportionate rate |
|
|
White collar crime is less/more harmful than street crime |
more |
|
|
environmental racism |
waste facilities more likely to be in black/latinx communities |
|
|
sustainability (def) |
level of development and consumption that meets present needs of humans without jeopardizing those of future gens |
|
|
treadmill of production |
captalism -> unrestricted destruction of environment -> wealth at expense of environment -> increased inequality -> externalized costs to poor and powerless |
|
|
War on drugs turns 50 by Campbell |
MAT: medically assisted treatment legally regulated drug markets in other countries removing marijuana from class 4 status |
|
|
Reimagining Pretrial sentencing by Lattimore et al |
millions are jailed for being charged but not convicted of any crime sentencing reform pretrial detention related to higher recidivism |
|
|
climate misinformation campaign and public sociology by Brulle and Roberts |
climate misinfo delays climate action funded by fossil fuel industry public sociology: sociological analysis meant to inform the public about issues that concern them morally and politically |
|
|
park-ing day by Coombs |
gentle activism: raise awareness + help people confront issues in different ways via urban design/community-based activism tactical urbanism: using urban setting to promote a cause; innovation and creativity |
|
|
elitist theory |
the rich and powerful are the ones that rule and have their opinions heard the power elite iron law of oligarchy a conflict perspective take |
|
|
pluralist theory |
there is a balance to who rules; the system is set up so that diverse voices can be heard functionalist perspective direct vs representative democracy |
|
|
hidden tribes quiz? |
respond to threats of polarization in American political life we are more alike than different |
|
|
voter participation rate in US |
only half of population women more than men youngest are lowest population, while 60+ are greatest voting age group whites more likely than BIPOC higher income more than lower |
|
|
voter participation in US vs other countries |
USA is low compared to other developed nations; democratic countries see between 70-85% turnout lower in US especially when not a presidential election |
|
|
Freedom House rankings what factors could improve US freedom score? |
ranks countries on civil liberties and political rights improve by -removing barriers to voting -limit influence of money in politics -establish independent redistricting commissions (combat gerrymandering) |
|
|
what party system is used in US? |
2-party system (rare for democratic nations) |
|
|
collective behavior vs social movements |
collective behavior: unstructured, spontaneous, disorganized, violate norms (mobs, riots, panic) social movements: conscious and sustained efforts by ordinary people to change/preserve an aspect of society (women's suffrage, KKK) |
|
|
types of social movements |
reformist: change within communitarian: withdrawal and create own revolutionary: fundamentally change and create rebellion: overthrow lacking plan reactionary: restore earlier system/norms |
|
|
political rights vs civil liberties |
political rights: allow individual to participate freely in system (right to vote, freedom of speech and press) civil liberties: protect individuals from actions by government, orgs, etc (right of individuals to speak freely when opposing gov) |
|
|
Power (def) |
the ability to carry out one's will despite resistance |
|
|
the types of authority |
traditional charismatic legal-rational |
|
|
first dimension of power |
A has superior resources and wins open conflicts |
|
|
second dimension of power |
construction of or benefits from barriers that prevent B from challenging A |
|
|
third dimension of power |
A influences B to think like A when it is not in B's best interest to do so |
|
|
What tax system is used in the US |
progressive income tax system |
|
|
problems with progressive tax code |
tax benefits for super-rich; tax breaks |
|
|
welfare in the US has/has not been able to reduce poverty |
has not |
|
|
polarization |
where there is perceived to be less common ground between two groups that results in animosity and conflict intense disagreement, gridlock, less overlap |
|
|
the four causes of polarization in the US |
breakup of solid south republican party moving to the right money-driven politics media polarization |
|
|
structural theory of emerging social movements |
resource mobilization approach: enough money to generate/sustain movement political process approach: econ/political shifts create opportunities social networks: connections link together |
|
|
cultural theory of emerging social movements |
framing: presentation of ideas; must be diagnostic, prognostic, and motivational collective identity |
|
|
what is the basis of New Social Movement theory |
that people must feel like a part of a larger group in order to participate in a movement shared characteristics, interests, beliefs |
|
|
nonviolent movements are __ likely to succeed |
more |
|
|
what are free spaces? |
places free of surveillance where people in a group/movement can talk freely about ideas/tactics |
|
|
external reasons for movement decline |
political environment may erode functions/foundations achieving success legal acceptance/institutionalization of demands disappearance of opportunities repression |
|
|
internal reasons for movement decline |
ideological differences/conflicts failure to secure collective identity collective identity that obscures/devalues other identities |
|
|
full response movement outcome |
winning acceptance and gaining advantage |
|
|
Preempted movement outcome |
no acceptance but gained advantage |
|
|
co-opted movement outcome |
wins acceptance but no advantages |
|
|
collapsed movement outcome |
neither acceptance or advantages achieved |
|
|
cultural and personal outcomes of social movements (5) |
encourage people to actively engage articulate new ways of thinking raise issues for debate give people moral voice to articulate values generate technical, scientific, and practical knowledge |
|
|
social vs political revolutions |
social: change of regime but also economic institutions and class structure--things in society political: change of gov/regime brought about by socia movement/popular protest |
|
|
three symptoms of revolutionary situations |
crisis/split among upper classes unusual suffering among lower classes considerable increase in independent actions of lower classes |
|
|
relative deprivation related to revolutions |
feeling like one does not have what one deserves; frequent cause |
|
|
requirements for successful revolution |
possession of collective leverage over rich/powerful secured political/ideological resources needed to convert political activity and leverage into action |
|
|
revolutions only possible when... |
strong social movements exist that can topple governments in crisis |
|
|
ehtnonationalism and rise of trump - manza and crowley |
ethnonationalism
working class authoritarianism racial threat economically disaffected trump and racial resentments, anti-immigrant/globalization sentiment |
|
|
parents of the great awokening - underhill and simms |
color-blind vs color-conscious actions being an ally school curriculum, media representation, government |
|
|
multiplicity in movements - rothschild |
new social movement theory sense of identity redneck revolt SWOT analysis |
|
|
taking a knee - weffer et al |
stigma and the NFL taking a knee increase of participation correlates with events |
|
|
iranian women's movement - mahmoodi |
repression of activism; harsh consequences for women the iranian revolution and consequences movement tactics |
|
|
central valley freedom summer - terriquez et al |
origin of freedom summer central valley CA encouraging children of immigrants to vote movement tactics |
