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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Treat social facts as things"
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Social Facts come form the outside and coerce us
-Revolution is overturning of one order of social facts in order to produce another order of social facts. Externality: society is not a thing, but acts like a thing (thing-like) Coerciveness: things tend to exert a certain type of pressure on people that they must adapt to |
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Two Kinds of Social Facts:
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1. Institutional: state, family, church, etc.
2. Social Currents: birth/death rates, suicide rates. -Statistical regularities that deal with generalities and cannot be reduced to individual case-generalities pointing to some current in society that is forcing change. |
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Suicide Rate
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Suicide rate is a fact
Suicide rates, like all statistical rates, exhibit a certain permanence, stability, as well as certain change. Predisposition: social current in society, not individual cases |
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Types of Suicide: social facts effect suicide
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Egoistic: excessive individualism
Ex: suicide rates higher among Protestants as opposed to Catholic or Jewish groups -protestants were more independent, didn't have as much group dependency (Rowing vs. X-Country) 2. Altruistic: excessive group strength -Suicide bomber, will die for his people's honor 3. Anomic: loss of normative controls ex: economic depression, time of distress |
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Anomie
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Disorder. From "nomos" order
-A disjunction between the amounts of needs and means for satisfying those needs |
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Anomie vs. Alienation
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Anomie: condition of society
Alienation: condition of the individual |
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Anomie and Modern Societies
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-Needs were never going to satisfied, man always want more
-Solution: individuals will then have moral ties, with religion, with the sacred and the profane. |
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Social Meaning of Religion
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The Individual is made up 2 parts:
1. Individual: foundation in the organism 2. Social: highest reality in the intellectual and moral order -Religion is the matrix of all social thought |
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Social Functions of Religion
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-Bringing people together
-Sacred Canopy:salvation -Solidarity Sacred: what is holy -to make people commit to society more completely than humans could on rational grounds Profane: everything else God and Society are one |
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Why religion is necessary?
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Relieves people from anomie.
Brings people together. Ex: Football |
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Mechanical Solidarity
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Traditional Societies
-Low degree of individuation: everyone is alike -less dependent on each other -Strong collective consciousness Penal Law: repressive and punitive Deviant acts: are against society |
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Organic Solidarity
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Modern Society
-focus on moral bond between individuals -more individuality -weak collective consciousness -Civil law: deviant acts are against individuals |
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Marx vs. Durkheim
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Marx (Alienation): separated from what's natural, things that are supposed to be together, aren't together
-society as a whole: overturn the owners -an outcome of the capitalist system based on the relations of production Durkheim (Anomie): deviance from what's normal, disorder -more about individuals, turn to religion -more likely to happen in a group of organic solidarity **human discomfort within society **states of society ** |
