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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is Culture? |
the values, norms, and material culture characteristic of a given group. Culture is one the most distinctive properties of human social association. |
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what are Cultural universals? |
Values or modes behavior shared by all human cultures. |
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Define Marriage: |
A socially approved Sexual relationship between two individuals. Marriage almost always involves two persons of opposite sexes, but in some cultures, types of Homosexual marriages are tolerated. |
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what is society? |
A group of people who live in a particular territory, And are subject to a common system of political authority, and are aware of having a distinct identity from other groups. |
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Define Values; |
Ideas held by individuals or groups. about what is desirable, proper,good, and bad. what individuals value is strongly influenced by the society they live in. |
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what are Norms? |
rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of social situations. |
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what is material culture? |
the physical objects that a society creates that influence the ways in which people live. |
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what is language? |
the primary vehicle of meaning and communication in a society, language is a system of symbols that represent objects and abstract thoughts. |
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what is Linguistic relativity hypothesis? |
A hypothesis, based on the theories of Sapir and Whorf, that perceptions are relative to language. |
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what are Symbols? |
items used to stand for or represent another. As in the case of a Flag, which symbolizes a Nation. |
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what is a signifier? |
any vehicle of meaning and communication. |
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what are Semiotics? |
the study of the ways in which non linguistic phenomena can generate meaning, as in the example of a traffic light. |
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Define Cultural Turn; |
Sociology's recent emphasis on the importance of understanding the role of culture in daily life. |
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what are hunting and gathering societies? |
Societies whose mode of subsistence is gained from hunting animals,fishing, and gathering edible plants. |
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what are pastoral societies? |
societies whos subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals. |
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what are agrarian societies? |
societies whos means of subsistence are based on agricultural production (Crop Growing) |
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what is industrialization? |
the process of the machine production of goods. |
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define industrialized societies; |
strongly developed nation-states in which the majority of the population works in factories or offices rather than agriculture, and most people live in urban areas. |
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what are nation states? |
Particular types of states. characteristics of the modern world, in which governments have sovereign power within defined territorial areas, and populations are citizens who know themselves to be part of a single nation. |
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what is colonialism? |
the process whereby western nations established their rule in parts of the world away from their home territories. |
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what are emerging economies? |
formerly impoverished countries that over the past two or three decades have begun to develop a strong industrial base, such as India and Singapore. |
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what are subcultures? |
values and norms distinct from those of the majority, held by a group within a wider society. |
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what is ethnocentrism? |
the tendency to look at other cultures through the eyes of ones own culture, and thereby misrepresent them. |
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what is cultural relativism? |
the practice of judging a society by its own standards. |
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what is socio-biology? |
an approach that attempts to explain the behavior of both animals and human beings in terms of biological principles. |
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define Instincts; |
fixed patterns of behavior that have genetic origins and that appear in all normal animlas within a given species. |
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what is nationalism? |
a set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with a national community. |
